1. ANGLOPHONE WEST INDIAN STUDENTS IN THE QUEBEC SCHOOL SYSTEM: CHARACTERISTICS AND EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE (1994-1995-1996 cohorts) Marie Mc Andrew Director Chair in Ethnic Studies University of Montreal May 11 th 2006

2. PLAN Overview of the research Social and educational characteristics of anglophone West Indian students Educational mobility Academic performance Conclusion

3. SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGLOPHONE WEST INDIAN STUDENTS

4. Table 1 Mother tongue, region of origin and geographical distribution, students from Black communities (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) a)French sector b)English sector PopulationWhole of Quebec Montreal region Laval/Montérégie regions Students from Black communities*870662162 Caribbean (English mother tongue)710557129 Africa (English mother tongue)1066825 Students of immigrant origin8 5615 5021 718 Entire population30 71615 5637 168 * 12 students were not attributed to either of these groups, since their parents were born in two different countries from the different groups. * 6 students were not attributed to either of these groups, since their parents were born in two different countries from the different groups. PopulationWhole of Quebec Montreal region Laval/Montérégie regions Students from Black communities*5 7474 436917 Caribbean (French mother tongue)2 1791 369599 Caribbean (English mother tongue)51545947 Caribbean (Creole mother tongue)2 3932 168176 Africa (French mother tongue)53132883 Africa (English mother tongue)1171049 Students of immigrant origin40 02625 4446 935 Entire population270 44548 87561 808

5. Table 2 Gender and place of birth, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population GenderPlace of birth Boys (%)Girls (%) Born in Quebec (%) Born outside Quebec (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 47.053.019.280.8 Students of immigrant origin51.248.834.365.7 Entire population51.448.688.311.7 English sector Anglo West Indian students 54.545.577.922.1 Students of immigrant origin51.548.560.839.2 Entire population52.048.077.822.2

6. Table 3 Level of entry into the Quebec school system, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) 1 :Students graduating from primary school) 2 :Students entering into secondary 1 3 :Students entering into secondary 2, 3, 4 and 5 Population Former 1 secondary 1(%) New 2 secondary 1 (%) During secondary schooling 3 (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 50.928.720.4 Students of immigrant origin62.617.120.3 Entire population90.42.96.6 English sector Anglo West Indian students 84.42.013.7 Students of immigrant origin74.24.621.1 Entire population86.52.910.7

7. Table 4 Socioeconomic rank index, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) PopulationDecile ranks 1 to 7 (%)Decile ranks 8 to 10 (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 50.949.1 Students of immigrant origin57.741.8 Entire population69.130.6 English sector Anglo West Indian students 71.427.9 Students of immigrant origin77.019.3 Entire population75.122.8

8. Table 5 Contrasting West Indian anglophone students with other Black students (French sector) Language of students Born in Quebec (%) Arrived at the primary level (%) With low socioeconomic rank index ( = middle or high ses) (%) West Indian77.984.471.4 African47.265.189.6 a)French sector b)English sector Language of students Born in Quebec (%) Arrived at the primary level (%) With low socioeconomic rank index ( = middle or high ses) (%) West Indies Francophones75.483.857.4 Anglophones19.250.9 Creolophones16.343.529.3 Africa Francophones14.939.959.5 Anglophones5.124.834.2

9. EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY

10. Table 6 Age upon entry into high school, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population Normal age 1 (T+1) (%) With lag 2 (> T+1) (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 75.524.5 Students of immigrant origin82.317.7 Entire population94.06.0 English sector Anglo West Indian students 94.95.1 Students of immigrant origin96.63.4 Entire population97.32.7 1 :Up to one year of school lag 2 :Two or more years of school lag

11. Table 7 School lag accumulated in secondary 3, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population Students entering at normal age, secondary 1 Students entering with lag, secondary 1 With no lag in sec. 3 (%) With lag or absent in sec. 3 (%) With no extra lag in sec. 3 (%) With extra lag or absent in sec. 3 (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 56.943.128.371.7 Students of immigrant origin71.125.935.664.4 Entire population80.219.837.262.8 English sector Anglo West Indian students 81.718.380.8*20.0* Students of immigrant origin84.215.857.142.9 Entire population84.315.748.651.4 * :Total number of students less than 10.

12. Table 8 Anglophone West Indian students declared SHSMLD*, integrated or non-integrated (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population Declared SHSMLD (%) Integrated (%) Non integrated (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 14.44.59.9 Students of immigrant origin9.43.06.4 Entire population12.63.78.9 English sector Anglo West Indian students 22.313.09.3 Students of immigrant origin10.87.03.8 Entire population16.311.74.6 * SHSMLD: Students with Handicaps, Social Maladjustments or Learning Difficulties.

13. Table 9 High school graduation rate of Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population After five years (%) After six years (cumulative) (%) After seven years (cumulative) (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 27.435.041.2 Students of immigrant origin45.553.757.4 Entire population57.865.769.0 English sector Anglo West Indian students 47.255.458.3 Students of immigrant origin59.064.966.9 Entire population59.665.868.0

14. Table 10 Sector attended and type of diploma, Anglophone West Indian students with a high school diploma (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population Youth sectorAdults sector General (%) Professional (%) General (%) Professional (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 61.30.038.70.0 Students of immigrant origin91.20.47.80.6 Entire population90.92.45.31.3 English sector Anglo West Indian students 88.21.210.4X Students of immigrant origin94.20.35.20.0 Entire population94.30.35.00.4 X :Total number of students less than 10.

15. Table 11 CEGEP access and language of instruction, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Population CEGEP attendance (%) Language of instruction French (%)English (%)Bilingual (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 33.28.890.11.2 Students of immigrant origin52.862.635.22.2 Entire population54.889.78.71.5 English sector Anglo West Indian students 51.5X97.3X Students of immigrant origin58.61.697.70.7 Entire population56.44.195.00.9 X :Total number of students less than 10

16. Table 12 CEGEP graduation rate and type of training, Anglophone West Indian students (1994, 1995, 1996 cohort) (whole of Quebec) Population Graduates from initial cohort (%) Graduates having reached CEGEP (%) Type of training General (%) Technical (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 8.224.591.78.3 Students of immigrant origin26.248.278.721.3 Entire population29.753.267.033.0 English sector Anglo West Indian students 24.243.473.226.8 Students of immigrant origin35.658.286.313.7 Entire population32.956.586.613.4

17. Table 13 Contrasting Anglophone West Indian students with other Black students Language of students Enter high school at normal age (%) Do not accumulate more delay (%) Never identified as «at risk» students (%) Get a high school diploma (%) Get a college diploma (%) West Indies Francophones88.876.286.065.422.0 Anglophones75.556.985.641.28.2 Creolophones64.349.882.339.57.9 Africa Francophone81.778.693.062.323.7 Anglophones59.056.393.247.018.9 a)French sector Origin of students Enter high school at normal age (%) Do not accumulate more delay (%) Never identified as «at risk» students (%) Get a high school diploma (%) Get a college diploma (%) West Indian94.981.777.758.324.2 African99.185.993.468.935.1 b)English sector

18. French sector (%)English sector (%) Place of birth Born in Quebec Born outside Quebec 54.5 38.0 64.0 38.2 Level of entry Former secondary 1 (students graduating from primary school) New secondary 1 (students entering into sec. 1) During secondary schooling (students entering into sec. 2,3,4, 5) 48.1 38.5 27.6 64.3 X 27.8 Table 14 Factors positively linked to high school graduation among Anglophone West Indian students Gender Boys Girls 31.0 50.2 52.7 65.0 Socioeconomic rank index Decile ranks 1 to 7 Decile ranks 8 to 10 43.9 38.3 59.8 54.0 Age at arrival into high school Normal age (T + 1) (up to one year’s lag) With school lag (> T + 1) (over two years’ lag) 40.4 43.7 60.5 X

19. Table 14 (con’t.) Factors positively linked to high school graduation among Anglophone West Indian students School lag in secondary 3 Students entering at normal age, secondary 1 Students entering with lag, secondary 1 With no lag, secondary 3 (%) With lag or absent, secondary 3 (%) No extra lag, secondary 3 (%) With extra lag or absent, secondary 3 (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students64.418.753.640.8 English sector Anglo West Indian students74.413.5XX X: Total number of students less than 10

20. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

21. Table 15 Presence of Anglophone West Indian students at secondary 4 and 5 Ministerial exams, youth sector (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) French-language exams History (%) Physical science (%) Written French, language of instruction (%) Written English, second language (%) Anglo West Indian students 36.134.029.125.6 Students of immigrant origin63.457.758.558.0 Entire population74.771.468.567.2 English-language exams History (%) Physical science (%) Written English, language of instruction (%) Written French, second language (%) Anglo West Indian students 60.868.964.462.3 Students of immigrant origin66.873.070.867.4 Entire population66.174.071.168.9

22. Table 16 Success rate and average of Anglophone West Indian students at secondary 4 and 5 Ministrial exams, youth sector (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Secondary 4 HistoryPhysical science % success rate Average (%)% success rateAverage (%) French sector Anglo West Indian students 88.268.777.167.1 Students of immigrant origin94.475.589.675.9 Entire population94.875.690.276.2 English sector Anglo West Indian students 84.367.375.766.4 Students of immigrant origin91.373.185.473.7 Entire population90.672.583.072.3

23. Table 16 (con’t.) Success rate and average of Anglophone West Indian students at secondary 4 and 5 Ministrial exams, youth sector (1994, 1995, 1996 cohorts) (whole of Quebec) Secondary 5 Written French, language of instruction Written English, second language % success rate Average (%)% success rateAverage (%) Anglo West Indian students 67.365.598.592.1 Students of immigrant origin85.173.497.185.1 Entire population89.676.295.080.5 Written English, language of instruction Written French, second language % success rate Average (%)% success rateAverage (%) Anglo West Indian students 94.170.180.869.0 Students of immigrant origin97.172.885.373.4 Entire population96.472.585.473.8

24. CONCLUSION