1. CHAPTER 9 Canada Section 1: History and Culture
World Geography Today
4/16/2017
CHAPTER 9
Canada
Section 1: History and Culture
Section 2: Canada Today
Section 3: Geographic Issues
Chapter 09

2. Europe’s role in Canada’s early history:
Section 1 History and Culture
Europe’s role in Canada’s early history:
France
arrived in 1530s
goals—to explore, exploit fish and furs, spread Catholic religion
founded colony in Quebec
Great Britain
colonized Nova Scotia in 1713
forced France out by 1763
organized Canada into provinces
established self-governing dominion

3. Key features of Canadian culture:
Section 1 History and Culture
Key features of Canadian culture:
mix of French and British culture, with U.S. influences
many immigrants in recent years
French-Canadian culture in Quebec
British culture in Ontario and further west
in north you have Inuit(Eskimos), and Canadian Indians

4. Foundations of Canada’s economy:
Section 2 Canada Today
Foundations of Canada’s economy:
Mainly manufacturing and services
mining a key activity
Atlantic Provinces—reliance on forest and sea resources, along with minerals (poorest region)
Quebec and Ontario—industry, finance, trade, farming, mining
Prairie Provinces—commercial farming (Wheat), mining and oil drilling, tourism
British Columbia—forest products, fishing, mining
North—mining, Oil, tourism

5. Factors in the growth of Canada’s cities:
Section 2 Canada Today
Factors in the growth of Canada’s cities:
Toronto, Canada’s largest city —major companies
Montreal—cultural capital, good transportation (Subway)
Victoria and Vancouver—west-coast centers based on fishing, tourism, trade
Prairie cities—Calgary, Edmonton, and Winnipeg—farming, oil production, trade

6. Canada’s government: Section 2 Canada Today
maintains British ties and British monarch
democratic government with a prime minister and parliament
provincial governments have local power
three northern territories with some control over local issues

7. American influence in Canada:
Section Geographic Issues
American influence in Canada:
Influence based on cultural, historic, and economic connections.
Free trade, through NAFTA, has tied the countries together.
Canadian and U.S. cities are linked across the border.
American media and popular culture pours into Canada.

8. Effects of geography on Canadian unity:
Section Geographic Issues
Effects of geography on Canadian unity:
Regional loyalties undermine unity.
Physical barriers and distance contribute to separation.
Differences between French and British culture promote separatism.