1. Two-Tier Workplaces and Intergenerational Equity Michael Mac Neil Department of Law and Legal Studies, Carleton University

2. Two-Tier

3. MAGIC DATE HIRED BEFORE HIRED AFTER

4. Voice Equity Evaluating Two-Tier Workplaces Efficiency

5. Use of Two-Tier Airline Industry US auto industry Canada Post Breweries Quebec municipalities US Steel

6. A Note About Pensions Defined Benefit – 92% underfunded; $350 billion shortfall (2010) Defined Contribution - Slowly replacing defined benefit plans Risk Deficits Transition

7. Duty of Fair Representation Voice Equity Representation for those not in bargaining unit Discrimination against new hires Efficiency Flexibility in Collective Bargaining

8. Discrimination

9. Age Based?

10. Proving Discrimination Statistics Overlapping Age Cohorts

11. Two-Tier as BFOR

12. Quebec Approach Two Tier

13. Issues With Quebec Approach differentials ‘solely’ because of date of hiring Same tasks in same establishment

14. Issues With Quebec Approach Union Liability Temporary v. Permanent Differentials Seniority and Grand Parenting

15. Conclusion Voice Equity Efficiency