1. b Human African Trypanosomiasis

2. Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is commonly known as sleeping sickness

3. HAT proceeds rapidly from lethargy through coma to death

4. HAT is caused by a parastic protozoan

5. HAT is spread by the tsetse fly or through contaminated blood

6. Life Cycle

7. There are two Types of HAT Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Acute -- can cause death in weeks or months Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense Chronic --lasts years

8. The two types of HAT affect different parts of Africa

9. The major risk Factor I, once again… exposure to these little bugs!

10. 100% Fatal if left untreated cardiac failure or from the infection itself

11. Past epidemics have left their mark on Africa.

12. Blood Smears can be used to diagnose HAT

13. Cerebrospinal Fluid Tests can also be used. Look for presence of trypanosomes High levels of CSP protein and WBCs

14. Complete Blood Count (CBC) are another test used. Look for high levels of immunoglobulin protein M Anemia High levels of White blood cells

15. Melarsoprol used to be the most common treatment. Arsenic based Kills 5% of patients “Like fire in the veins”

16. Eflornithine had less side effects but was far too costly and inconvenient 1 hour infusions, every 6 hours for 2 weeks $655

17. Nifurtimox-Eflornithine Combination Therapy (NECT) is the first new treatment in 25 years On WHO’s Essential Drugs List (2009) $330

18. NECT has considerably less side effects. 86% Experienced Side effect 37.9% Mild 54.7% Moderate

20. Work to find new treatments is being done right here in North Carolina “it will be the first new, orally active treatment for sleeping sickness in the past 30 years”

21. Currently, the PATTEC is attempting to eradicate HAT.

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