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 An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Uni- and Multidimensional Models Tomàs, J.

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Presentation on theme: " An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Uni- and Multidimensional Models Tomàs, J."— Presentation transcript:

1  An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology Uni- and Multidimensional Models Tomàs, J.

2  Unidimensional Models Cause  EffectCause  Effect Linear = one direction (no feedback loops)Linear = one direction (no feedback loops) Demonic Possession (Medieval Europe)Demonic Possession (Medieval Europe) Somatogenic Models (late 19th-early 20th c.)Somatogenic Models (late 19th-early 20th c.) –General paresis caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum (discovered by Noguchi & Moore in 1913) Psychogenic Models (late 19th-early 20th c.)Psychogenic Models (late 19th-early 20th c.) –Psychoanalysis: Conversion & neurotic conditions caused by inner-drive conflicts (Freud)

3  Unidimensional Models II Behavioral ModelsBehavioral Models –Classical Conditioning (Pavlov: early 20th c.) –Operant Conditioning (Skinner: mid 20th c.) Sociological ModelsSociological Models –Social Conditions of Poverty (late 19th c) –Social Status (mid 20th c.) –Role Theory (Goffman: mid-late 20th c.) Humanistic ModelsHumanistic Models –Interpersonal relations in developmental period (Carl Rogers: mid-20th c.) Cognitive ModelsCognitive Models –Errors of thinking (akin to programming errors in computers: mid-20th c. to present)

4  Unidimensional Models III Early Biomedical Models (early-mid 20th c.)Early Biomedical Models (early-mid 20th c.) Shock Therapies 1917 Malaria-induced fever for paresis (Julius Wagner-Jauregg)1917 Malaria-induced fever for paresis (Julius Wagner-Jauregg) 1927 Insulin-induced coma for SZ (Manfred Sakel)1927 Insulin-induced coma for SZ (Manfred Sakel) 1934 Metrazol-induced coma for SZ & affective psychosis (von Meduna)1934 Metrazol-induced coma for SZ & affective psychosis (von Meduna) 1938 Electroconvulsive tx (Cerletti & Bini)1938 Electroconvulsive tx (Cerletti & Bini) Psychosurgery (1930s-early 1950s) for SZ 1936 Leukotomy (Moniz & Lima)1936 Leukotomy (Moniz & Lima) 1936 Walter Freeman & James Watts (US)1936 Walter Freeman & James Watts (US) 1945 Freeman “Ice Pick Lobotomy”1945 Freeman “Ice Pick Lobotomy”

5  Unidimensional Models IV Psychiatry returns to its “medical roots” (i.e. bio-physiology) in late 1970sPsychiatry returns to its “medical roots” (i.e. bio-physiology) in late 1970s Growth of psychopharmacy since 1970sGrowth of psychopharmacy since 1970s Genetic theories of mental disorders (behavioral genetics) & the emergence of evolutionary psychology since 1980s.Genetic theories of mental disorders (behavioral genetics) & the emergence of evolutionary psychology since 1980s.

6  Multidimensional Model

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