1. Afghanistan A presentation by Cassie Dychton, Maria Rademacher, and Anthony Braves

2. AFGHAN LIFE

3. History 3000 BCE-2000 BCE-Mundigak 522 BCE-486 BCE -Darius the Great expands Persian empire 400 AD - Invasion of the White Huns. 550 AD-Persians control over Afghanistan 1219-1221-Invasion by Genghis Khan 1747-Nadir Shah is assassinated, and the Afghans rise once again. 1826-1992-Modern Afghanistan was created as a buffer state Russian vs. British empires(to Soviet Union and Great Britin) 1940-Zahir Shah proclaims Afghanistan as neutral during WW2 1978-Bloody Communist coup 1979-1992-Soviet Union (Russia) invades in December. 1992-Now-Islamic State of Afghanistan Islamic republic

4. Afghanistan Climate = cold winters & hot summers Hindu Kush mountain range rises to more than 20,000 ft Central Afghanistan = plateau at 6,000 ft Southwestern Afghanistan = desert Less water pollution in mountains Few Lakes Geography

5. Economy Unemployment rate = 40% Exports: $327 million Imports: $4.85 billion Import Partners: Pakistan 36.8%, US 11%, India 5%, Germany 4.2% Natural Resources Natural Gas Petroleum Coal Copper Sulfur Lead Zinc

6. Religion Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%  Tension/ Violence 1% (Jews and Christian) would leave Afghanistan for Israel to escape Islamic rule Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992-Now) Afghanistan are the flag-covered graves of saint-like people Mullah 5 pillars of Islam are practiced all the time Foreign policy is heavily weighted on the west’s ability to understand and respect Afghanistan’s culture. Afghanistan must show understanding on its side of the table in order to avoid conflict.

7. Culture Major ethnic groups: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, and Uzbek 9% Language: Afghan Persian/Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11% Gender roles (women): 1960s  1992/1996 when Taliban captures Kabul Afghan diet Taliban had a ban on entertainment, but now social atmosphere more relaxed Women still wear chador/chadri  full body covering mandated by Taliban Men wear loose, baggy trousers with a long over shirt and vest over it Male literacy 21%, female literacy 51% in 2002 Education  free. Primary 6 yrs  secondary 6 yrs  Vocational program/training

8. Current Affairs Unemployment article: http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2008/09/28/poverty- unemployment-driving-afghanistan-towards-instability.html http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2008/09/28/poverty- unemployment-driving-afghanistan-towards-instability.html Current Event: “Iran says 20 killed in Mosque bombing” ( http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-attack29-2009may29,0,3955316.story) http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-iran-attack29-2009may29,0,3955316.story Current Event: “29 insurgents killed in eastern Afghanistan” (http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hvWEqwq3CrRvaQCmt21MfoYhjZJQD98F4G8 O0)http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hvWEqwq3CrRvaQCmt21MfoYhjZJQD98F4G8 O0 Suicide Attacks Taliban going strong—centralized power War in Iraq looking better, war in Afghanistan not going America’s way… Kabul movie

10. Connections The War in Afghanistan  Taliban still recruiting children Kabul, Afghanistan  Kite Runner culture  Hazara and Pashtun Pakistan/Afghanistan border control “Children of the Taliban” video

11. Bibliography "13_25_55---Coal_web.jpg (JPEG Image, 398x600 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "1652278.jpg (JPEG Image, 467x700 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "2159478392_87226b25.jpg (JPEG Image, 500x375 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "600afghanistan_woman.jpg (JPEG Image, 600x480 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "9191_004-86ECD40.jpg (JPEG Image, 353x300 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. A., QAZI, “History”, Afghanistan Online, http://www.afghan-web.com/, Copyright A. QAZI 1996-2009http://www.afghan-web.com/ "afghanbride.jpg (JPEG Image, 426x307 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "Afghanistan: Daily Life and social customs)." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2 Jun 2009. "afghanistan.jpg (JPEG Image, 400x299 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. “Afghanistan: Modern Afghanistan”, Lycos, Copyright © 2009 Lycos Inc., http://www.lycos.com/info/afghanistan--modern-afghanistan.htmlhttp://www.lycos.com/info/afghanistan--modern-afghanistan.html "afghanistan_russian_troops_mount_passes.jpg (JPEG Image, 603x406 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "chador.jpg (JPEG Image, 350x250 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "Climate." Afghanistan's website. 2 Jun 2009. "Afghanistan." CIA: The World Factbook. 2 Jun 2009. "Education-Afghanistan." Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2 Jun 2009. "Flag_afghanistan_2004.png (PNG Image, 729x486 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "girl.jpg (JPEG Image, 600x436 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hvWEqwq3CrRvaQCmt21MfoYhjZJQD98F4G8O0." Google News. 3 Jun 2009. "Img0031.jpg (JPEG Image, 450x298 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "Iran says 20 killed in mosque bombing." 3 Jun 2009.

12. Bibliography continued… "istockphoto_270547_nan_bread.jpg (JPEG Image, 308x285 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. “Policy Areas”, Malek Asghar St. Kabul, Afghanistan, © 2006 Ministry of Foreign Affairs., http://www.mfa.gov.af/contact.asphttp://www.mfa.gov.af/contact.asp poverty_kabul.jpg (JPEG Image, 400x281 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. "Poverty, unemployment driving Afghanistan towards instability." The Reality of Life in Afghanistan. 2 Jun 2009. “Religion”, Afghan Civil Society a 501(c)3 Non Profit Organization, Afghanistan’s Web Site, http://www.afghanistans.com/information/People/Religion.htmAfghan Civil Society http://www.afghanistans.com/information/People/Religion.htm "strategic-petroleum-reserve-technician.img_assist_custom.jpg (JPEG Image, 499x549 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009. Topography-Afghanistan." Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2 Jun 2009. "Unemployment rate-color-coded world map." Index Mundi. 2 Jun 2009. "Weather and Climate in Afghanistan." South Travels. 2 Jun 2009. "Without+rain+it+looks+like+a+desert-784676.jpg (JPEG Image, 400x300 pixels)." 2 Jun 2009.