1. More Sweep Net Photos

2. Insect Storage & Transport  Container with holes, label  Add food & surfaces  Keep shaded!! Keep Cool!!  Cooler, packing, ice packs  Store in refrigerator  Transport in coolers

3. The insects need proper food and care for transport

4. Separate  Cool in refer to slow  Hand pick  Aspirator = “bug sucker”  Accelerator Larinus minutus knapweed seed head weevil

5. Accelerator -Sweep net through flea beetle infestation. -place nettings in screen. –flea beetles fit through screen. -flea beetles fall through funnel into jar. – release fairly well cleaned up. -measure flea beetle #’s by volume.

6. Insect Economy  Defoliators  Seed Head Feeders  Leaf Galls  Stem Galls  Stem Borers  Root Borers  Root Feeders  Other: fungi, nematodes, bacteria, etc..

7. Insects need the proper habitat!

8. Specific Insect How To Cyphocleonus achates – knapweed root boring weevil Agapeta zoegana – knapweed root boring moth Larinus minutus – knapweed seed head weevil Aphthona spp. – leafy spurge flea beetles Oberea erythrocephala – leafy spurge root boring beetle Mecinus janthinus – toadflax stem boring weevil.

9. Bio-agent Collection Cyphocleonus: hand pick, sweep net Agapeta: hand pick, sweep net, vac Larinus: sweep net + asperator or pump Aphthona: sweep net + accelerator Oberea: sweep net + hand pick from net.

10. Cyphocleonus achates – Root Boring Weevil  Adults emerge Aug./Sept.  Lay eggs on root crown  Larvae bore into root  Over winter as larvae in root  Feeding in taproot and exit hole cause damage  Pupate in early summer  Emerge and do it all again  Do not fly  2000-29,000+/yr..

11. Cyphocleonus achates knapweed root boring weevil

12. Agapeta zoegana - root boring moth Biology:  Adults emerge spring/summer  Lay eggs on lower stem  Larvae hatch, mine down stem into the root  Larvae over winter in root  Pupate in soil early/late spring  Larvae can move a short distance through soil to a new plant if theirs dies  Adults disperse by flying  Collected 2,950 in 2007!

13. Larinus minutus Biology: Over winters as adult weevil! Adults gather at knapweed plants when flower buds appear Females lay one egg per flower Larvae soon hatch and consume seeds (that is a good thing!!) Pupate in destroyed flower Emerge as adult in late summer Fly away and over winter Strong flier, readily disperses Great one-two punch with root borers!!

14. Larinus Collections

15. Aphthona – leafy spurge flea beetles  Adults emerge from soil early/mid summer  Release pheromone, stay together  Adults feed on spurge leaves, high #’s can damage plants  Scatter eggs on soil around spurge plants  Larvae soon hatch, feed on root hairs  Major effect: larval root feeding  Larvae feed all fall, winter & spring  Pupate in soil in late spring  Becoming very successful bio-agent!  Can hop & fly, we need to disperse them…