1. Vocab leuko - = white erythr - = red embol - = stopper hem = blood thromb = clot arteri(o) = pertaining to an artery - ary = pertaining to systol - = contraction diastol- = relaxing

2. THE Cardiovascular System

3. structures: blood, the heart, and blood vessels

4. The main functions are to transport nutrients and oxygen(O 2 ) to the cells and carry carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and waste materials away from the cells also plays a vital role in our immune system

5. Components of Blood

6. Components of blood http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200081.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200081.htm Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood (make up approx 50%) –90-percent water –10 percent dissolved fats, salts, sugars, and Proteins –Transmits RBC, WBC, and blood clotting factors

7. RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC) ERYTHROCYTES produced in the bone marrow contains hemoglobin –an iron-containing protein allows RBC to carry oxygen. – gives the RBC their color http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200028.htm

8. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (WBC) LEUKOCYTES WBC are produced in the Red Bone Marrow, The Lymph Nodes, and the Spleen The main function is to protect the body against invasion by foreign cells

9. platelets are tiny fragments of other cells that were formed in the bone marrow play an important role in blood clotting. Blood Clotting http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200077.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/adam- 200077.htm

10. Nutrient Exchange http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200084.htm

11. BLOOD VESSELS After the blood leaves the heart, it is pumped through a network of blood vessels to different parts of the body –blood flows in one direction

12. Arteries – strong, elastic vessels –carry blood away from the heart under high pressure –The force that blood exerts on the walls of vessels is known as blood pressure

13. Arteries subdivide into thinner which lead to finer branched arterioles

14. CAPILLARIES –connects the smallest arterioles and the smallest venules –Blood vessels with the smallest- diameter –Semiperable – able to exchange substances in the blood with substances in the tissues

15. Venules –Continues from the capillaries and merge to the veins VEINS –carry blood from part of the body back to the heart –thinner walls than arteries, less elastic and contain less smooth muscle –contain valves which prevent back flow of blood

16. Blood Flow http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200078.htm Perform a heart transplant http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplant.html

17. THE HEART a hollow, muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals, forcing blood through blood vessels

18. pericardium – membranes that surrounds the heart fluid in the pericardial cavity helps reduce friction as the heart moves

20. FOUR CHAMBERS The upper chambers of the heart are the right and left atria receive blood coming into the heart The lower chambers are the right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart

21. Septum – wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart prevents the mixing of blood

22. Blood Flow Deoxygenated blood returns from body to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava –Into R. Atrium –To R. Ventricle –Through Pulmonary Artery –To lungs (picks up O 2, drops off CO 2

23. Oxygenated Blood returns from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary veins –into L. Atrium –To the L. Ventricle –Through the aorta (ascending and descending) –To the rest of the body (drop off O 2 and pick up CO 2) http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200083.htm

24. Note: All arteries carry O 2 blood except for the pulmonary artery All veins carry de-O 2 blood except for the pulmonary vein

25. Coronary arteries – supply blood to the tissue of the heart

26. Valves valves prevent the backflow of blood Blood Pressure http://health.howstuffworks. com/adam-200079.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks. com/adam-200079.htm

28. Tricuspid or AV valve – b/w R.A. and R.V. Pulmonary Valve – at the base of the pul. artery; prevents back flow into R.V. Bicuspid (mitral valve)- b/w L.A. and L.V Aortic Valve – at the base or the aorta; Prevents backflow into the L.V.

29. The River of Life http://library.thinkquest.org/C0115080/?c=circ_sys http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/

30. Aneurysms http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200047.htm Arrhythmia http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200035.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200035.htm Coronary Artery Disease http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200082.htm Coronary Artery Bypass http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200138.htm Irregular Heartbeat http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200141.htm Angioplasty http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200140.htm Cardiomyopathy http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200045.htm