1. Nadia Touihri Senior Director of Statistics and Social Studies National Institute of Statistics, Tunisia Touihri.nadia@ins.tn Measuring International Migration through census 2014 in Tunisia: what improvements have been adopted? Measuring International Migration through census 2014 in Tunisia: what improvements have been adopted? Economic Commission for Europe Work Session on Migration Statistics Chisinau, Republic of Moldova 10-12 September 2014

2. Plan 1.Introduction 2.Main sources of data 3.How to measure migration through the labor force survey 4.How to measure migration through Census 5.Improvement adopted in Census 2014 6.General results 7.Conclusion

3. Tunisia is a Gate of Africa to Europe….

4. Nice beaches in Tunisia….

5. Mysterious Desert in Tunisia….

6. Mountains in Tunisia….

7. Olive oil Oasis of dates

8. 1. Introduction The migratory context in Tunisia after the revolution has been characterized by : a massive departure of Tunisian youth to Europe a massive exodus of Tunisian and foreign workers from Libya to Tunisia, exile of Libyan families as a result of conflicts in Libya The new context has had a political, economic and social impact on Tunisian society Urgent need for informations to make decision

9. 2. Main sources of data The main sources of information on international Migration (Emigration and Immigration) in the Institute is: Census Houshold surveys Administrative Sources

10. 3. How to measure migration through the labor force survey Insertion of modules to measure migration starting in 2001 Migration measured once a year Sample size 45000 hh Periodicity : one year for collecting information about migration Representative at national level

11. Sample 2005Sample2006 Sub -sample to analyze migration List of hh 2005 Ind. 1: aInd. 2: bInd. 3: cInd. 4: d List of hh 2006 Ind. 1: bInd. 2: cInd. 3: eInd. 4: d

12. Leaving persons Entering persons

13. For leaving people « are there, among the listed persons during year Y-1, one who quit the household and considered as non resident with the household during the Year Y » Yes or No, if yes: Order number in the hh during Y-1 Name and surname Date of departure (month, Year) Raison for emigration Country of destination Socio-economic charecteristics are collected in the year Y-1

14. For Entering people « Are there among the idividuals listed in this questionnaire, one who was not member of the household during the year Y-1 » if Yes or No, if yes: R R eason for immigration Country of origin Current Socio-economic charecteristics

15. Limits Small sample for a rare phenomen Can’t get estimates at smaller level Unknown situation before entering for immigrants Unknown situation after departure for Emigrants Advantages It didn’t recall interviewer s memory, based on the list of individuals An important source of data on migration which provide annual information and estimate on migrants (number of migrants and net migration at national level)

16. 4. How to measure migration through the Census History of censuses in Tunisia 06 / 03 / 1921 20 / 04 / 1926 22 / 03 / 1931 12 / 03 / 1936 01 / 11 / 1946 01 / 02 / 1956 03 / 05 / 1966 08 / 05 / 1975 30 / 03 / 1984 20 / 04 / 1994 28 / 04 / 2004 23 / 04 / 2014

17. Tunisian population census represents a snapshot of a population resident in the country at a given point in time (23, April 2014, round 2010) Periodicity : 10 years face to face interview Mini census to update census database between two census Emigration module introduced in round 2000 ( census 2004)

18. Immigration Module in Census 2014 ” In April 2009, were you resident in this housing unit?” if “no”, the following variables are collected: Country of origin Year of arrival (new variable introduced in 2014 census) Reasons for move Nationality, and Actual socio-economic charecteristics of immigrant are also collected

19. Census 2014 allows the identification of: Immigrant stock The foreign-born population The foreign population born in Tunisia The foreign population resident Return migrants

20. Emigration Module in Census 2014 “are there any members of your household who reside currently (the reference day of the census) outside Tunisia, and was resident in this household in April 2004?”. Relationship with the head of household Gender Year of migration Reason for migration ( same reasons cited for immigration module ) Country of destination Level of education before departure (new variable introduced in 2014 census)

21. 5. Improvement adopted in Census 2014 Improving enumerator training tools by focusing only on practical and operational issues. Providing a full explanation to enumerators about the migratory context and its concepts, Emphasizing the urgent need of decision makers for such information in Tunisia Choosing good position and sequence of items within the census: the migration modules appears in the 7th position among 14

22. Formulating easy and clearly worded questions Meeting with national partners working on migration issues in order to revise the migration modules, they expressed a need to include additional variables on both modules, such as : Detailed reasons for move (13 reasons instead of 6 in census 2004), to capture special category of migrants, such as irregular migrants, those with expired visas, forced migrants, etc. Emigration module:“education level before migration Immigration: year of arrival,

23. 6. General Results PeriodEmigrantsImmigrantsNet Migration 1999-20047577317766-58007 2004-20094120017100- 24100 Net migration from 2004 Population Census and 2009 survey PeriodEmigrantsImmigrantsNet Migration 2011-20125093117351-33580 2007-20082660010500-16100 2006-2007238008790-15010 2005-20063120014860-16340 2001-20022970011690- 18010 Net migration from labor force survey

24. 7. Conclusion Population census is a best source for collecting data on the immigrant stock and its characteristics, it provide an extent of information rarely available from other data sources. Although it has drawbacks, detecting emigration through census modules was an important source of information to study the migration flows over a period of 5 years Special survey needs to be undertaken to cover migration aspect that could not be covered by population Census ( emigrant profile, situation after emigration,….) Med- Hims ( Mediterranean Household International Survey) opportunity to accomplish the migration picture

25. THANK YOU