1. Preparing for Quality System Certification
U.S. Senator Byron Dorgan’s
Aerospace & Defense Manufactures Roundtable
Preparing for Quality System Certification

2. Discussion Topics Quality system development Certification process
ISO 9001 myths and misconceptions
ISO 9001 interpretation of requirements

3. Quality System Development
Establish unity of purpose throughout the organization
What are we try to achieve with ISO 9001?
How do we want to improve our business performance?
Eight Quality Management Principles
(ISO 9000:2000)
Customer focus
Leadership
Involvement of people
Process approach
Systems approach to management
Continual improvement
Factual approach decision making
Mutually beneficial supplier relationships

4. Quality System Development
Prepare a project plan to manage implementation
Establish scope for the quality management system
“Design and manufacture of fluid power controls”
Establish quality policy
Identify processes required to satisfy the scope
Customer orientated
Product realization processes
Support processes
Management processes
Start defining process details, resources and implementation actions (See 4.1 General requirements)
Monitor, measure and analyze process performance
Set initial quality objectives, plans and communication
Monitor the project progress at the management level

5. Quality Systems Development
Tips for developing your quality system
Establish awareness that the QMS is the foundation for managing the business
No single business related activity should exist outside of the scope of the system
Include the management staff in the initial development of the system
Include the internal auditors in the system development
Work according to a project plan
Identify information technology (IT) needs up front

6. Quality Systems Development
Tips for developing your quality system
Keep the documentation light, easy to use and to the point.
Use mix of text and graphical formats
Use simple systems to control the documentation
A picture says a thousand words

7. Quality Systems Development
Build “working engines” before building documentation
Engines are vital and essential work processes that make the ISO 9001 system work
Management processes
Information collection and analysis processes
Supplier management processes
Improvement processes (C/A, P/A, auditing)
Employee development processes

8. Quality Systems Development
Establish a culture for planning and execution of improvement actions
Plan
Quality
Improvement
Act Do
Check
Quality Policy
Plan
Productivity
Improvement
Act Do
Check

9. Quality Systems Development
Critically examine legacy documentation
May not contain vital information
See ISO 9001: General requirements
May not be user friendly
May cause challenges for internal auditors
Don’t be afraid to start over!

10. Quality System Development (ISO 9001:2000)
ISO 9001:2000 promotes the PDCA methodology for processes
(See ISO 9001:2000 page VI)
PLAN: establish the objectives
and processes necessary to deliver
results in accordance with customer
requirements and organizational policies
Plan
DO: implement the processes
Act Do
CHECK: monitor and measure
processes and product against
policies, objectives and requirements
Check
ACT: take actions to continually
improve process performance.

11. Quality System Development
The Process Approach
ISO 9001:2000 promotes the adoption of a process approach to manage the organization. (see ISO 9001:2000 page V)
Provides a focus on inputs, process, and outputs
Enables a systems view by looking at the interconnection and interaction of individual processes
Processes are planned, resourced, implemented and validated/verified.
Input
Process
Output

12. Quality System Development
The Process Approach
4.1 General requirements
The organization shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality management system and continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard
The organization shall;
Identify the processes needed for the QMS and their application
Determine the sequence and interaction of these processes
Determine criteria and methods needed to ensure both the operation and control of processes are effective
Ensure the availability of resources and information as necessary
Monitor, measure and analyze these processes
Implement actions necessary to achieve planned results and continual improvement of these processes

13. ISO 9001 Myths and Misconceptions
Documentation efforts will cripple my company!
Quality manual
Quality policy and objectives
Six required procedures
Other documents needed by the organization
The organization is responsible to determine the level of documentation required
Document format and media is company choice

14. ISO 9001 Myths and Misconceptions
ISO 9001 will require us to change the way we manage our business!
ISO 9001 provides a framework
Management determines the methods and manner of operations
Helps management to mitigate risks
Based on Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle

15. ISO 9001 Myths and Misconceptions
We’ll spend all of our time filling out records!
Twenty (20) record categories
Records are determined by the organization
Used as “collectors” for process performance information
Channels information into analysis processes
Enables management to make improvements

16. ISO 9001 Myths and Misconceptions
We’ll I have to hire more employees to manage the system?
The ISO 9001 requires management to provide resources necessary to achieve customer satisfaction
Resources are a business case decision
The resources are an investment in achieving the organization’s goals and customer satisfaction

17. Certification Process
Selection of a registrar
Initial visit and document review
Pre-audit
Registration audit
Post audit corrective actions
Verification of actions
Certificate released, registered in public listing
Surveillance auditing begins at appropriate intervals

18. What is ISO 9001:2000? ISO 9001:2000 is a quality management system
Interconnected and interdependent processes
Provides a systematic approach to delivering products or services meeting customer requirements
Enables continuous improvement in achieving defined objectives

19. Overview of ISO 9001:2000 ISO 9001:2000 is focused on processes
Product realization processes
Support processes
Customer orientated processes
Management processes

20. Overview of ISO 9001:2000 Product Realization Processes
Design, purchasing, manufacturing, maintenance, packaging, warehousing.
Customer Orientated Processes
Sales, marketing, contracting, after sales support, invoicing, managing complaints, product literature
Support Processes
Training, Calibration, document control, records
Management Processes (PDCA)
Strategic planning, management review, internal audits

21. ISO 9001:2000 Overview
ISO 9001:2000 is contained in three primary documents
ISO 9000:2000 Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 9001:2000 Quality management systems – Requirements
ISO 9004:2000 Quality management systems – Guidelines for performance improvements
A few guidance documents

22. ISO 9001:2000 Requirements
ISO 9001:2000 contains five (5) main clauses defining the requirements
4 Quality management system
5 Management responsibilities
6 Resource management
7 Product realization
8 Measurement, analysis and improvement

23. ISO 9001:2000 Balancing the Equation+ = A B C
6.2 Human Resources +
7 Product Realization
8 Measurement, Analysis and Improvement
5.4.1 Quality Objectives =
6.3 Infrastructure +
8.2.1 Customer Satisfaction = +
6.4 Work Environment

24. 4 Quality Management System
The Core Requirement
4.1 General requirements
The organization shall establish, document, implement and maintain a quality management system and continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard
The organization shall;
Identify the processes needed for the QMS and their application
Determine the sequence and interaction of these processes
Determine criteria and methods needed to ensure both the operation and control of processes are effective
Ensure the availability of resources and information as necessary
Monitor, measure and analyze these processes
Implement actions necessary to achieve planned results and continual improvement of these processes

25. 4 Quality Management System
4.2 Documentation requirements
The quality management system documentation shall include;
Documented statements of quality policy and quality objectives
A quality manual
Documented procedures required by this International Standard
Documents needed by the organization to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of its processes, and
Records required by this International Standard (see 4.2.4)

26. 4 Quality Management System
4.2.1 General (Cont.)
Note 1: The term “documented procedure” means that the procedure is established, documented, implemented and maintained.
Note 2: The extent of the quality management system documentation can differ from one organization to another due to;
The size of the organization and type of activities
The complexity of processes and their interactions
The competence of personnel
Note 3: The documentation can be in any medium

27. 4 Quality Management System
4.2.2 Quality Manual
The organization shall establish and maintain a quality manual that includes;
The scope of the quality management system, including details of and justification for any exclusions (see 1.2)
The documented procedures established for the quality management system, or reference to them, and
A description of the interaction between the processes of the quality management system (see handout)

28. 4 Quality Management System
4.2.3 Control of documents
Documents required by the quality management system shall be controlled. Records are a special type of document and shall be controlled according to the requirements given in 4.2.4
A documented procedure shall be established to define controls
To approve documents for adequacy prior to issue
To review and update as necessary and re-approve documents
To ensure that changes and the current revision status of document are identified
To ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of use
To ensure that documents remain legible and readily identifiable
To ensure that documents of external origin are identified and their distribution controlled
To prevent the unintended use of obsolete documents, and to apply suitable identification to them if they are retained for any purpose.

29. 4 Quality Management System
4.2.4 Control of records
Records shall be established and maintained to provide evidence of
Conformity to requirements
Effective operation of the quality system
Records shall remain
Legible
Ready retrievable
Documented procedure must be established to define;
Identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention time and disposition

30. 4 Quality Management System
Key points;
Document control enables creation and revision, must not curtail change.
Record control prevents loss of company information

31. 4 Quality Management System
Documented procedures = 6
Quality records categories = 20

32. 4 Quality Management System
Alternatives to documented procedures
Competent employees - having defined education, skills and experience
Employee training - trained for specific tasks
Process controls – calibrated monitoring and measuring equipment, mistake proofing
Verification and validation – product evaluations that separate good products from bad

33. 4 Quality Management System
“Picture if you will….”
A process operated by employees meeting defined competence requirements, specifically trained to do tasks as expected, using process controls that allow adjustment and correction to defined parameters, with product verification.
…and no document procedures.”

34. 5 Management Responsibility
5.1 Management commitment
Top management shall provide evidence of its commitment to the development and implementation of the quality management system and continually improving its effectiveness by;
Communicating to the organization the importance of meeting customer as well as statutory and regulatory requirements
Establishing the quality policy
Ensuring that quality objectives are established
Conducting management reviews and
Ensuring the availability of resources

35. 5 Management Responsibility
5.2 Customer focus
Top management shall ensure that customer requirements are determined and are met with the aim of enhancing customer satisfaction (see and 8.2.1)

36. 5 Management Responsibility
5.3 Quality policy
Top management shall ensure that the quality policy
Is appropriate to the purpose of the organization
Includes a commitment to comply with requirements and continually improve the effectiveness of the quality management system
Provides a framework for establishing and reviewing quality objectives
Is communicated and understood within the organization
Is reviewed for continuing suitablity

37. 5 Management Responsibility
5.4 Planning
5.4.1 Quality (business) Objectives
Top management shall ensure that quality objectives, including those needed to meet requirements for product (see 7.1 a) are established at relevant functions and levels within the organization.
The quality objectives shall be measurable and consistent with the quality policy.

38. 5 Management Responsibility
5.4.2 Organizations must plan on how to meet objectives
Plan
Quality
Improvement
Act Do
Check
Quality Policy
Plan
Productivity
Improvement
Act Do
Check

39. 5 Management Responsibility
5.4.1 Quality objectives established at relevant functions and levels with the organization.

40. 5 Management Responsibility
5.4 Planning
5.4.2 Quality management system planning
Top management shall ensure that
The planning of the quality management system is carried out in order to meet the requirements given in 4.1, as well as the quality objectives, and
The integrity of the quality management system is maintained when changes to the quality management system are planned and implemented.

41. 5 Management Responsibility
A simplified view of the components of planning;
Objectives (results expected)
Quality management processes affected or required
Resources
Measurement
Continual improvement

42. 5 Management Responsibility
Quality Management Systems Approach
Determine customer needs and expectations
Establish quality policies and objectives
Determine (and implement) required processes and responsibilities
Determine and provide necessary resources
Establish measurement methods for each process
Apply measurements to check effectiveness and efficiency
Determine means of preventing nonconformances and elimination of their causes
Establish and apply a process for continual improvement
Plan Do
Check
Act

43. 5 Management Responsibility
Business Strategy
Planning considerations;
Objectives for the strategy
QMS processes required
Resources required
Measurement and analysis
Improvement opportunities
Plan
Act Do
Check
Leadership!

44. 5 Management Responsibility
The “Shall plan” requirements found in clauses;
5.4.2 Quality Management System Planning
7.1.1 Planning of Product Realization
7.3.1 Design and Development Planning
8.1 Plan for Measurement and Monitoring Activities
8.5.1 Planning for Continual Improvement

45. 5 Management Responsibility
Considering the planning requirements, then what are plans?
Quality manual, quality objectives, procedures, work instructions, and information documents contain the output of most planning requirements.
Project specific examples;
Design project plans
Continuous improvement projects
Corrective and preventive actions
Employee work plans (e.g. MBO)

46. 5 Management Responsibility
5.5 Responsibility, authority and communication
5.5.1 Responsibility and authority
Top management shall ensure that responsibilities and authorities are defined and communicated within the organization.

47. 5 Management Responsibility
5.5 Responsibility, authority and communication
5.5.2 Management representative
Top management shall appoint a member of management who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have responsibility and authority that includes;
Ensuring that processes needed for the quality management system are established, implemented and maintained;
Reporting to top management on the performance of the quality management system and need for improvement, and
Ensuring the promotion of awareness of customer requirements throughout the organization

48. 5 Management Responsibility
5.5 Responsibility, authority and communication
5.5.3 Internal communication
Top management shall ensure that appropriate communication processes are established within the organization and that communication takes place regarding the effectiveness of the quality management system.

49. 5 Management Responsibility
5.6 Management review
5.6.1 General
Top management shall review the organization’s quality management system, at planned intervals to ensure it’s continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness.
This review shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the quality management system, including the quality policy and quality objectives.
Records from management reviews shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

50. 5 Management Responsibility
5.6 Management review
5.6.2 Review input
The input to management review shall include;
Results of audits
Customer feedback
Process performance and product conformity
Status of preventive and corrective actions
Follow-up action from previous management reviews
Changes that could affect the quality management system
Recommendations for improvement

51. 5 Management Responsibility
5.6 Management review
5.6.3 Review output
The output from management review shall include any decisions and actions related to;
Improvement of effectiveness of the QMS and it’s processes
Improvement of product related to customer requirements
Resource needs

52. 6.1 Provision of resources
6 Resource Management
6.1 Provision of resources
The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed
To implement and maintain the quality management system and continually improve it’s effectiveness
To enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements

53. 6.2 Human Resources 6 Resource Management 6.2.1 General
Personnel performing work affecting product quality shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, skills and experience.
Competence: demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills (ISO 9000: )

54. 6 Resource Management 6.2 Human resources
6.2.2 Competence, awareness and training
The organization shall
Determine the necessary competence for personnel performing work affecting product quality,
Provide training or take other actions to satisfy these needs
Evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken,
Ensure that its personnel are aware of the relevance and importance of their activities and how they contribution to the achievement of the quality objectives, and
Maintain appropriate record of education, training, skills and experience (see 4.2.4)

55. 6 Resource Management 6.3 Infrastructure
The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the infrastructure needed to achieve conformity to product requirements. Infrastructure includes, as applicable;
Buildings, workspace and associated utilities
Process equipment (both hardware and software)
Supporting services (such as transport or communication)

56. 6.4 Work environment 6 Resource Management
The organization shall determine and manage the work environment needed to achieve conformity to product requirements.
“Set of conditions under which work is performed”
“Note: Conditions include physical, social, psychological and environmental factors (such as temperature, recognition schemes, ergonomics and atmospheric composition)
Definition from ISO 9000:2000

57. 7.1 Planning of product realization
The organization shall plan and develop the processes needed for product realization.
Planning of product realization shall be consistent with the requirements of the other processes of the quality management system (see 4.1)

58. 7.1 Planning of product realization
In planning product realization, the organization shall determine the following, as appropriate:
Quality objectives and requirements for the product
The need to establish processes, documents and provide resource specifics to the product
Required verification, validation, monitoring, inspection and test activities specific to the product and the criteria for product acceptance
Records needed to provide evidence that the realization processes and resulting product meet requirements (see 4.2.4)
The output of this planning shall be in a form suitable for the organization’s method of operations.

59. 7.2 Customer-related processes
7 Product Realization
7.2 Customer-related processes
7.2.1 Determination of requirements related to product
The organization shall determine
Requirements specified by the customer, including the requirements for delivery and post-delivery activities
Requirements not stated by the customer but necessary for specified or intended use,where known
Statutory and regulatory requirements related to the product, and
Any additional requirements determined by the organization

60. 7.2 Customer-related processes
7 Product Realization
7.2 Customer-related processes
7.2.2 Review of requirements related to product
The organization shall review the requirements related to product. The review shall be conducted prior to the organization’s commitment to supply a product to the customer (e.g. submission of tenders, acceptance of contracts or orders, acceptance of changes to contracts or orders) and shall ensure that;
Product requirements are defined
Contract or order requirements differing from those previously expressed are resolved, and
The organization has the ability to meet the defined requirements

61. 7.2 Customer-related processes
7 Product Realization
7.2 Customer-related processes
7.2.2 Review of requirements related to product
Records of the results of the review and actions arising from the review shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)
Where the customer provides no documented statement of requirement, the customer requirements shall be confirmed by the organization before acceptance.
Where product requirements are changed, the organization shall ensure that relevant documents are amended and that relevant personnel are made aware of the changed requirements.

62. 7.2.3 Customer communication
7 Product Realization
7.2.3 Customer communication
The organization shall determine and implement effective arrangements for communicating with customers in relation to;
Product information
Enquiries, contracts or order handling, including amendments, and
Customer feedback, including customer complaints

63. 7 Product Realization 7.3 Design and development
7.3.1 Design and development planning
The organization shall plan and control the design and development of product
During the design and development planning, the organization shall determine
The design and development stages,
The review, verification and validation that are appropriate to each stage, and
The responsibilities and authorities

64. 7 Product Realization 7.3.2 Design and development inputs
Inputs relating to product requirements shall be determined and records maintained (see 4.24.) This inputs shall include;
Functional and performance requirements
Applicable statutory and regulatory requirements
Where applicable, information derived from previous similar designs, and
Other requirements essential for design and development

65. 7 Product Realization 7.3.3 Design and development outputs
The outputs of design and development shall be provided in a form that enables verification against the design and development input and shall be approved prior to release.
Design and development outputs shall
Meet the input requirements for design and development
Provide appropriate information for purchasing, production and for service provision
Contain or reference product acceptance criteria, and
Specify the characteristics of the product that are essential for it’s safe and proper use.

66. 7 Product Realization 7.3.4 Design and development review
At suitable stages, systematic reviews of design and development shall be performed in accordance with planned arrangements (see planning)
To evaluate the ability of the results of design and development to meet requirements, and
To identify any problems and propose necessary actions.
Participate in such reviews shall include representatives of functions concerned with the design and development stage(s) being reviewed.
Records of the results of the reviews and any necessary actions shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

67. 7.3.5 Design and development verification
7 Product Realization
7.3.5 Design and development verification
Verification shall be performed in accordance with planned arrangements (see 7.3.1) to ensure that the design and development outputs have met the design and development input requirements.
Records of the results of the verification and any necessary actions shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

68. 7.3.6 Design and development validation
7 Product Realization
7.3.6 Design and development validation
Design and development validation shall be performed in accordance with planned arrangements (see 7.3.1) to ensure that the resulting product is capable of meeting the requirements for the specified application or intended use, where known.
Wherever practicable, validation shall be completed prior to the delivery or implementation of the product.
Records of the results of validation and any necessary actions shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

69. 7 Product Realization 7.3.7 Control of design and development changes
Design and development changes shall be identified and records maintained.
The changes shall be reviewed, verified and validated, as appropriate, and approved before implemented.
The review of design and development changes shall include evaluation of the effect of the changes on constituent parts and product already delivered.
Records of the results of the review of changes and any necessary actions shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

70. 7.4.1 Purchasing process 7 Product Realization
The organization shall ensure that product conforms to specified purchase requirements.
The type and extent of control applied to the supplier and the purchased product shall be dependent upon the effect of the purchased product on subsequent product realization or final product.

71. 7.4.1 Purchasing process 7 Product Realization
The organization shall evaluate and select suppliers based on their ability to supply product in accordance with the organization’s requirements.
Criteria for selection, evaluation and re-evaluation shall be established.
Records of the results of evaluations and any necessary actions arising from the evaluation shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

72. 7.4.2 Purchasing information
7 Product Realization
7.4.2 Purchasing information
Purchasing information shall describe the product to be purchased, including where appropriate;
Requirements for approval of product, procedures, processes and equipment
Requirements for qualification of personnel, and
Quality management system requirements.
The organization shall ensure the adequacy of specified purchase requirements prior to their communication to the supplier.

73. 7.4.3 Verification of purchased product
7 Product Realization
7.4.3 Verification of purchased product
The organization shall establish and implement the inspection or other activities necessary for ensuring that purchases product meets specified purchase requirements.
Where the organization or its customer intend to perform verification at the supplier’s premises, the organization shall state the intended verification arrangements and method of product release in the purchasing information.

74. 7.5.1 Control of production and service provision
7 Product Realization
7.5.1 Control of production and service provision
The organization shall plan and carry out production and service provision under controlled conditions. Controlled conditions shall include, as applicable
Availability of information that describes the characteristics of the product
Availability of work instruction, as necessary
Use of suitable equipment
Availability and use of monitoring and measuring devices
Implementation of monitoring and measurement, and
Implementation of release, delivery and post-delivery activities

75. 7.5.2 Validation of processes for production and service provision
7 Product Realization
7.5.2 Validation of processes for production and service provision
The organization shall validate any processes for production and service provision where the resulting output cannot be verified by subsequent monitoring or measurement.
This includes any processes where deficiencies become apparent only after the product is in use or the service has been delivered.

76. 7 Product Realization
7.5.2 Validation of processes for production and service provision
Validation shall demonstrate the ability of these processes to achieve planned results
The organization shall establish arrangements for these processes including
Defined criteria for review and approval of the processes
Approval of equipment and qualification of personnel
Use of specific methods and procedures
Requirements for records
Revalidation

77. 7.5.3 Identification and traceability
7 Product Realization
7.5.3 Identification and traceability
Where applicable, the organization shall identify the product by suitable means throughout product realization.
The organization shall identify the product status with respect to monitoring and measurement requirements
Where traceability is a requirements, the organization shall control and record the unique identification of the product (see 4.2.4)

78. 7.5.4 Customer property 7 Product Realization
The organization shall exercise care with customer property while it is under the organization’s control or being used by the organization.
The organization shall identify, verify, protect and safeguard customer property provided for use or incorporation into the product.
If any customer property is lost, damaged or otherwise found to be unsuitable for use, this shall be reported to the customer and records maintained (see 4.2.4)

79. 7.5.5. Preservation of product
7 Product Realization
Preservation of product
The organization shall preserve the conformity of product during internal processing and delivery to the intended destination.
This preservation shall include identification, handling, packaging, storage and protection. Preservation shall also apply to the constituent parts of a product.

80. 7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices
7 Product Realization
7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices
The organization shall determine the monitoring and measurement to be undertaken and the monitoring and measuring devices needed to provide evidence of conformity of product to determined requirements (see 7.2.1)
The organization shall establish processes to ensure that monitoring and measurement can be carried out and are carried out in a manner that is consistent with the monitoring and measurement requirements.

81. 7 Product Realization 7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices
Where necessary to ensure valid results, measuring equipment shall
Be calibrated or verified at specified intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurement standards; where no such standards exist, the basis for calibration or verification shall be recorded;
Be adjusted or re-adjusted as necessary
Be identified to enable the calibration status to be determined
Be safeguarded from adjustments that would invalidate the measurement result
Be protected from damage and deterioration during handling, maintenance and storage.

82. 7 Product Realization 7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices
In addition, the organization shall access and record the validity of the previous measuring results when the equipment is found not to conform to requirements.
The organization shall take appropriate action on the equipment and any product affected. Records of the results of calibration and verification shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)
When used in the monitoring and measurement of specified requirements, the ability of computer software to satisfy the intended application shall be confirmed. This shall be undertaken prior to initial use and reconfirmed as necessary.
See ISO and ISO for guidance

83. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.1 General
The organization shall plan and implement the monitoring, measurement, analysis and improvement processes needed
To demonstrate conformity of the product,
To ensure conformity of the quality management system, and
To continually improve the effectiveness of the quality management system
This shall include determination of applicable statistical methods, including statistical techniques, and the extent of their use.

84. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.2 Monitoring and measurement
8.2.1 Customer satisfaction
As one of the measurements of the performance of the quality management system, the organization shall monitor information relating to customer perception as to whether the organization has met customer requirements.
The methods for obtaining and using this information shall be determined.

85. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
Add examples of customer satisfaction measurement
Expectations for managing the use of the information

86. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.2.2 Internal audit
The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to determine whether the quality management system
Conforms to the planned arrangements (see 7.1), to the requirements of this International Standard and to the quality management system requirements established by the organization, and
Is effectively implemented and maintained

87. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.2.2 Internal audit
An audit program shall be planned, taking into account the status and importance of the processes and areas to be audited, as well as the results of previous audits.
The audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods shall be defined.
Selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process. Auditors shall not audit their own work.
The responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, and for reporting results and maintaining records (see 4.2.4) shall be defined in a documented procedure.

88. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.2.2 Internal audit
The responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, and for reporting results and maintaining records (see 4.2.4) shall be defined in a documented procedure.
The management responsible for the area being audited shall ensure that actions are taken without undue delay to eliminate detected nonconformities and their causes.
Follow-up activities shall include the verification of the actions taken and the reporting of verification results (see 8.5.2)

89. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
ISO 9004:2000 recommendations for internal auditing
(see ISO 9004: )
Effective implementation of processes
Opportunities for improvement
Capability of processes
Effective and efficient use of statistical techniques
Use of information technology
Relationships with interested parties
Analysis of quality cost data
Effective and efficient use of resources
Process and product performance results and expectations
Know events
Adequacy and accuracy of performance measurement
Improvement activities

90. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.2.3 Monitoring and measurement of processes
The organization shall apply suitable methods for monitoring and, where applicable, measurement of the quality system processes.
These processes shall demonstrate the ability of the processes to achieve planned results.
When planned results are not achieved, correction and corrective action shall be taken, as appropriate, to ensure the conformity of product.

91. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.2.4 Monitoring and measurement of product
The organization shall monitor and measure the characteristics of the product to verify that product requirements have been met. This shall be carried out at appropriate stages of the product realization process in accordance with the planned arrangements (see 7.1)
Evidence of conformity with the acceptance criteria shall be maintained. Records shall indicate the person(s) authorizing release of product (see 4.2.4)
Product release and service delivery shall not proceed until the planned arrangements (see 7.1) have been satisfactorily completed, unless otherwise approved by a relevant authority, and where applicable, the customer.

92. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.3 Control of nonconforming product
The organization shall ensure that product which does not conform to product requirements is identified and controlled to prevent its unintended use or delivery.
The controls and related responsibilities and authorities for dealing with nonconforming product shall be defined in a documented procedure.

93. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.3 Control of nonconforming material
The organization shall deal with nonconforming product by one of the following ways;
By taking action to eliminate the detected nonconformity
By authorizing its use, release or acceptance under concession by a relevant authority, and where applicable, by the customer
By taking action to preclude its original intended use or application
Records of the nature of nonconformance and any subsequent actions taken, including concessions obtained, shall be maintained (see 4.2.4)

94. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.3 Control of nonconforming material
When nonconforming product is corrected it shall be subject to re-verification to demonstrate conformity to the requirements.
When nonconforming product is detected after delivery or use has started, the organization shall take action appropriate to the effects, or potential affects, of the nonconformity.

95. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.4 Analysis of data
The organization shall determine, collect and analyze appropriate data to demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the quality management system and to evaluate where continual improvement of the effectiveness of the quality management system can be made.
This shall include data generated as a result of monitoring and measurement and from other relevant sources.

96. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.4 Analysis of data
The analysis of data shall provide information relating to;
Customer satisfaction (see 8.2.1)
Conformity to product requirements (see 7.2.1)
Characteristics and trends of processes and products including opportunities for preventive action, and
Suppliers

97. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
Measurement results are analyzed and driven into continuous improvements
8.2.1
Mgmt Review
8.2.2
Analyze 8.4
Process improvement
8.2.3
8.2.4
Improvement!
7.4.1

98. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.5.1 Continual improvement
The organization shall continually improve the effectiveness of the quality management system through the use of the;
quality policy
quality objectives
audit results
analysis of data
corrective and preventive actions
management review.

99. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.5.2 Corrective action
The organization shall take action to eliminate the cause of nonconformities in order to prevent recurrence.
Corrective actions shall be appropriate to the effects of the nonconformities encountered

100. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.5.2 Corrective action
A documented procedure shall be established to define requirements for
Reviewing nonconformities (including customer complaints)
Determining the causes of nonconformities
Evaluating the need for action to ensure that nonconformities do not recur
Determining and implementing action needed
Records of the results of action taken (see 4.2.4) and
Reviewing corrective action taken

101. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.5.3 Preventive action
The organization shall determine action to eliminate the causes of potential nonconformities in order to prevent their occurrence.
Preventive actions shall be appropriate to the affects of the potential problems.

102. 8 Measurement, analysis, and improvement
8.5.3 Preventive action
A documented procedure shall be established to define requirements for
Determining potential nonconformities and their causes
Evaluating the need for action to prevent occurrence of nonconformities
Determining and implementing action needed,
Recording the results of action taken (see 4.2.4)
Reviewing preventive action take.

103. Questions and Answers

104. Acknowledgements (Suggested reading)
ANSI/ASQ 9000:2000 Quality Management Systems – Fundamentals and Vocabulary
ANSI/ASQ 9001:2000 Quality Management Systems – Requirements, December 13,2000