1. EGR 4347 Analysis and Design of Propulsion Systems
Rocket Types
EGR 4347 Analysis and Design of Propulsion Systems

2. Rocket Propulsion
Ideal Rocket Thrust
Specific Impulse

3. Rocket Propulsion

4. Rocket Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

5. Rocket Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

6. Rocket Propulsion

7. Chemical Rockets Liquid – typical O2 and H2 Solid
Scientific American – March 2000

8. Liquid Rockets
Scientific American – March 2000

9. Solid Rockets
Scientific American – March 2000

10. Solid Rockets

11. Rocket Performance – Mars Mission
Thrust – force 1 N  ¼ lbf
Exhaust Speed – Measure of fuel efficiency
Sample Burn Time – How long the rocket must fire to accelerate a 25-ton payload from low earth orbit to escape velocity. The time is inversely related to the thrust.
Sample fuel ratio – fraction of the total spacecraft mass taken up by propellant. The amount of fuel is exponentially related to the exhaust speed.
Scientific American – March 2000

12. Rocket Performance Chemical 110K 4.5 21 min 55 Type Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110K
4.5
21 min 55

13. Nuclear Rockets Tested in 1960s Hydrogen heated to 2,500 deg C
Scientific American – March 2000
Tested in 1960s
Hydrogen heated to 2,500 deg C
Reactors can generate electricity
Public opposition

14. Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9.0
Type
Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110,000
4.5
21 min 55
Nuclear
67,000
9.0
27 min 32

15. ION 1950s Electrical fields accelerate particles
Fuel – cesium or xenon
Cathode dumps electrons into flow at exit
Grids get in the way
Scientific American – March 2000

16. ION
Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

17. Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9
Type
Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110,000
4.5
21 min 55
Nuclear
67,000 9
27 min 32
Ion 30
79 days 22

18. Hall Effect 1970s Russia Radial Magnetic Field Xenon No grids
Scientific American – March 2000

19. Hall Effect
Rocket Propulsion Elements – Sutton and Biblarz

20. Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9
Type
Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110,000
4.5
21 min 55
Nuclear
67,000 9
27 min 32
Ion 30
79 days 22
Hall Effect 15
90 days 38

21. Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD)
Magnetic acceleration
Magnetic field electrically generated
Scientific American – March 2000

22. Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9
Type
Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110,000
4.5
21 min 55
Nuclear
67,000 9
27 min 32
Ion 30
79 days 22
Hall Effect 15
90 days 38
MPD
100
21-25 days

23. Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT)
Argon Fuel
Radial Magnetic Field
200 times a second
No electrodes
Scientific American – March 2000

24. Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9
Type
Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110,000
4.5
21 min 55
Nuclear
67,000 9
27 min 32
Ion 30
79 days 22
Hall Effect 15
90 days 38
MPD
100
21-25 days
PIT 20 50
110 days 14

25. VASIMR Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket
Radio waves heat fuel
Ionized propellant (Hydrogen)
Magnetic fields
Scientific American – March 2000

26. VASIMR

27. Rocket Performance Chemical 110,000 4.5 21 min 55 Nuclear 67,000 9
Type
Thrust (N)
Exhaust Speed (km/s)
Burn Time
Fuel ratio (%)
Chemical
110,000
4.5
21 min 55
Nuclear
67,000 9
27 min 32
Ion 30
79 days 22
Hall Effect 15
90 days 38
MPD
100
21-25 days
PIT 20 50
110 days 14
VASIMR H 40
300
53 days
2.4
VASIMR L
1,200 10
2.1 days 46

28. Solar Sails 9 N per square km Large fragile structure
NASA working on Magnetic “sail” to catch sun particles
Scientific American – March 2000