1. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-1 www.nscsa.org Leading causes of fatalities l Entry without testing l Re-entry without testing l Entering a space that has not been ventilated l Flammable/toxic vapors and gases

2. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-2 www.nscsa.org Leading causes of fatalities cont’d l Oxygen deficiency l Using air-purifying respirators in an oxygen deficient atmosphere l Electrical shock l Defective or misused equipment l Physical and emotional factors

3. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-3 www.nscsa.org Exposure To Toxic Materials l Disease eg. Cancer, black lung, etc. l Reproductive damage l Allergic reactions l Eyes, nose, throat, skin and/or lungs burns at moderate levels of exposure l Damage to any organ or tissue

4. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-4 www.nscsa.org Personal Exposure Limits (PEL) l Threshold Limit Value (TLV) l Ceiling (TLV-C) l Time Weighted Average (TWA l Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

5. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-5 www.nscsa.org Threshold limit Value l An exposure to which nearly everyone can be exposed day after day without any adverse health affects.

6. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-6 www.nscsa.org Ceiling (TLV-C) Concentration that should not be exceeded, even momentarily.

7. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-7 www.nscsa.org Time Weighted Average TWA 8-hour day/40 hour week

8. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-8 www.nscsa.org Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) 15 min. exposure, 60 min. break, 4 times a day

9. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-9 www.nscsa.org Immediate Danger to Life and Health (I.D.L.H.) l Immediate risk of injury, sickness or death. l NOT to be entered

10. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-10 www.nscsa.org Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

11. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-11 www.nscsa.org Lockout/Tagout l Energy sources Electrical Pressure Momentum/Gravity Residual / Store Energy

12. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-12 www.nscsa.org Blind

13. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-13 www.nscsa.org Flange/Blank

14. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-14 www.nscsa.org Tag

15. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-15 www.nscsa.org Lockout / Tag Devices

16. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-16 www.nscsa.org Oxygen LP 5-1

17. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-17 www.nscsa.org Explosive Limits l Explosions l Explosive range: Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)(UFL) Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) (LFL) l Inhalation risks LP 5-2

18. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-18 www.nscsa.org Classifications for Hazardous Locations l Class 1-where there is a danger of explosion due to the presence of a flammable gas or vapor l Class 11-where there is a danger of explosion due to presence of a flammable dust l Class 111- where there is a danger of explosion or flash fire due to presence of a flammable fibers or flyings LP 5-4

19. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-19 www.nscsa.org Divisions l Division 1 -Location where an explosive mixture of gas,vapor,dust,fibers or flying, and air may exist under normal operating conditions l Division 2 - Location where an explosive mixture of gas,vapor, dust, fibers or flying, and air may exist under abnormal operating conditions ie. Accidental rupture of a vessel or container or failure of a ventilating system, etc LP 5-5

20. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-20 www.nscsa.org Groups Class 1 l Group A-Acetylene l Group B-Butadlene. Hydrogen, Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide l Group C-Acetadehyde, Ethylene, Cyclopropane, Ether Vapours, UDMH,Unsymmetrical LP 5-6

21. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-21 www.nscsa.org Groups Continued l Group D -Acetone, Ammonia, Benzene, Butyl Alcohol, Butyl Acetate, Ethane, Ethyl Acetate, Ethylene Dichloride, Gasoline, Heptane, Hexanes, Isoprene, Methane, Methanol, Ketones, Propanol, Petroleum, Octanes, Pentanes, Propane, Ethanol Propylene, Stryene, Toluene, Vinyl Acetate, Vinyl Chloride, Xylanes LP 5-7

22. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-22 www.nscsa.org Class 2 l Group E -Metal dust includes Aluminum, Commercial Alloys and Magnesium l Group F -Carbon Black, Coal, Charcoal, Coke Dust l Group G -Flour, Starch, Grain Dust Groups Continued LP 5-8

23. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-23 www.nscsa.org Class 1 l A/c hangers, Breweries, l Petroleum refineries and plants l Paint Manufactures l Hospitals, Sewers l Tanks containing flammable/combustible liquids LP 5-9

24. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-24 www.nscsa.org Class 2 l Flour and Feed Mills l Grain Elevator and ships l Areas of packing pulverized sugar/Cocoa l Coal Handling/ preparation Plants LP 5-10

25. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-25 www.nscsa.org Class 3 l Woodworking Plants l Textile Mills l Cotton Gins/Seed Mills l Knitting/Weaving Mills LP 5-11

26. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-26 www.nscsa.org Static Electricity

27. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-27 www.nscsa.org Static Electricity

28. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-28 www.nscsa.org Static Electricity

29. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-29 www.nscsa.org Static Electricity

30. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-30 www.nscsa.org Static Electricity

31. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-31 www.nscsa.org Exhaust Ventilation Lighter than Air Vapours (Caution) PATH OF FRESH AIRPATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. …… …...

32. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-32 www.nscsa.org Exhaust Ventilation Heavier than Air Vapours (Caution) PATH OF FRESH AIRPATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. …… …...

33. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-33 www.nscsa.org Dilution Ventilation - Effective PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. …… …... PATH OF FRESH AIR

34. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-34 www.nscsa.org Dilution Ventilation - Chimney Effect (Caution) PATH OF FRESH AIRPATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. …… …...

35. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-35 www.nscsa.org Combination - Dilution and Exhaust Ventilation (Effective) PATH OF EXHAUST AIR POSSIBLE GAS POCKETS ….. …… …... PATH OF FRESH AIR

36. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-36 www.nscsa.org Hazards of Confined Spaces l 0 2 deficiency/enrichment l Difficult entry/exit l Bulk materials l Electrical shock

37. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-37 www.nscsa.org Dangers in Confined Space l fire/explosion l toxicity l drowning/entrapment l Others

38. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-38 www.nscsa.org Hazards of Confined Spaces l Working surfaces slips & falls l Temp Extremes l Noise conditions l Poor visibility l Psychological factors

39. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-39 www.nscsa.org Example of Emergency Response Plan Check List q Communications q Haz Mat Response q Emergency response, (Rescue personnel) notified or in place. q Fire fighting response

40. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-40 www.nscsa.org Example of Emergency Response Plan Check List cont’d q Medical Aid response q Policing notified or in place q Emergency evacuation plans ready or implemented q Personnel Responsibilities detailed

41. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-41 www.nscsa.org Example of Emergency Response Plan Check List cont’d q Entry certificate (permit) completed with applicable signatures q Hazard Identification / Assessment q Tag / Lockout q Area cordoned off

42. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-42 www.nscsa.org Example of Emergency Response Plan Check List cont’d q Warning signs posted. q Emergency response equipment in place. q Transportation q Emergency response, plan all personnel involved, brief given including additional emergency response procedures

43. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-43 www.nscsa.org Purpose of the Entry Permit l To ensure existing and potential hazards are assessed. l Ensure preventive measures and procedures are identified. l Act as a checklist. l In most case entrants are safe to work in space within limits of the permit.

44. CSGIOH001-00 LP3-44 www.nscsa.org Entry Permit l Prepared by a designated competent person l Valid for the duration of a shift, not exceeding 24 hours after tests performed l Unless the conditions under which the permit was issued change prior to task completion