1. Measures to stop pollution

2. International Efforts

3. Pollution  Pollution tends to travel between countries by wind or water, e.g. haze in Indonesia  Countries have agreements to work together to stop pollution

4. Earth Summit  Organized by United Nations to discuss sustainable development  Took place in 1992, 2002 and 2012  Commitments made in 2002 include:  Manage toxic chemicals  Increase access to clean water  Build proper sewage systems

5. SEA Region  Singapore  Indonesia  Malaysia

6. Mandatory Ship Reporting System  Info. on damage and defects  Report any pollutants released  Authorities trained to respond quickly

7. National Efforts: Singapore’s Efforts to Protect the Environment

8. Enforcing Laws and Regulations  Enforce laws to control amount of pollutants emitted by industries  Ensure that companies treat their waste before disposing them  National Environment Agency (NEA)

9. Using Alternative Sources of Energy  Use “clean” energy  Wind energy, hydroelectricity and solar energy

10. Use Advanced Technology  Use advanced technology to treat waste and remove pollutants  Reduce impacts of pollution on the environment  Build sewage treatment plants to treat waste before it is released into water bodies

11. Landfill  Huge pits in the ground for disposal of solid waste  Waste dumped and covered with soil  Take up plenty of space  One time use Pulau Semakau Landfill

12. Incineration  Burn waste at high temperature  Reduces volume of waste by 90%  Energy produced converted to electricity  Releases dust particle to air (pollution)  Some waste can’t be burned (concrete)

13. Educate Public  Encourage people/industry produce less waste  Campaign and talks informed-harmful effects  3R suggestions

14. Individual Methods to Reduce Pollution

15. Pollution Affects over 100m people 2m people die prematurely each year from bad air Hole in the ozone is 8.2 million sq miles large

16. Solutions - Awareness Ensures that people are motivated to solve pollution Possible methods used o Education o Statistics

17. 1.Use of private transport 2. Incorrect waste disposal 3. "Reduce" 4. Use of aerosols Solutions - Minimizing

18. Minimizing use of private transport Exhaust created leading to dust particles in the air Public transport etc. means that less exhaust is created

19. Minimizing incorrect waste disposal Throw rubbish in the right place Litter often ends up swept into water bodies

20. "Reduce" Try to minimize unneccessary use of materials as much as possible e.g, Print on both sides of the paper instead of printing on 2 sheets

21. Minimizing Use of Aerosols The use of aerosols give of CFCs. CFCs are an Ozone-Depleting Substance (Daniel please give us a complex chemical explanation)

22. Solutions - Maximise 1.Carpooling/public transport 2.Recycling 3.Reusing

23. Carpooling When possible, catch a ride from your neighbour. (Thank you Shaun) This reduces the number of cars on the road, also reducing pollution from car exhaust.

24. Recycling Makes unusable materials usable again Reduces waste

25. Reusing Use items more than once o e.g. bringing own bags to shopping Reduces waste as o Less things thrown away o Less things have to be made due to less demand

26. Solutions - changing lifestyles 1.Going green 1.Getting involved

27. Going green Switching lights off when not in use Energy saving light bulbs Buying green products Reduces the amount of waste produced

28. Getting involved Make an effort to learn more about o Environment o Environmental problems present Involve ourselves in environmental conservation plans