1. Russian contribution to ExoMars and the outline of further Mars Exploration programme
NPOL TEAM IKI TEAMS
COORDINATOR DANIIL RODIONOV
3MS33,

2. Scientific and technical goals of the ExoMars project
Completion of previously planned scientific missions:
Investigation of the Mars structure and climate at the surface (Mars-96  Mars-Net).
Atmosphere investigation, search for methane, climate monitoring from the orbit (Phobos-Grunt).
New scientific goals:
Subsurface water mapping with high resolution.
Exploration of Mars habitability.
Volcanism (search for volcanic gases).
Development of a joint (ESA-Roscosmos) ground segment for interplanetary missions management.
Integration of Russian and European experience in technology development for interplanetary missions and in quality control.
Preparation for the next steps in Mars exploration:
Landing sites investigation, subsurface water.
Dosimetry. Monitoring of radiation situation.

3. EXOMARS: Participation in ESA-led mission
Proton launch of 2016 composite
RTG and Russian instruments on EDM
Russian instruments on TGO
Joint science programme
Proton launch of 2018 probe
Roscosmos-led Descent Module using experience of EDM and lunar descents
ESA-supplied s/systems for the DM
Roscosmos-led fixed long-living platform (target science payload 50 kg)
Cancelled on 8 June

4. ExoMars: Project configuration
2016
TGO: Trace Gas Orbiter
EDM: Entry, Descent & Landing Demonstrator Module
Russian participation
ACS: 3 spectrometers and electronic block
FREND: Collimated neutron spectrometer + dosimeter

5. ExoMars: Project configuration
2016
TGO: Trace Gas Orbiter
EDM: Entry, Descent & Landing Demonstrator Module
Russian participation
ACS: 3 spectrometers and electronic block
FREND: Collimated neutron spectrometer + dosimeter
PanCam
Adron
Lidar
Dust Sensor

6. Phobos-Grunt/Luna-Resurs
ExoMars: EDM 2016
Russian contribution
Name
Description
Prototype
PanCam
Color panoramas of the surface around EDM to define geological context, assess the mineralogical composition of surrounding rocks and soil, and determine the exact location of EDM. Monitoring of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, fogs, dust devils, etc.). Mass: 1.1 kg. Power: 5 W
Phobos-Grunt/Luna-Resurs
ADRON EDM
Neutron detector and dosimeter. Search for subsurface water and monitoring of radiation levels. Mass: 1,5 kg. Power: 6 W.
MSL
LIDAR
Measuring of day and season dynamics of vertical structure of near-the-surface aerosol and water vapor in the Mars atmosphere up to the altitude of 10 km. Studying of the process of formation of clouds and near-the-surface. Mass: 0.55 kg. Power: 5 W.
Mars Polar Lander
Dust Sensor
Dust particles dynamics near the surface.. Mass: 0.65 kg. Power: 4 W.
Luna-Resurs

7. ExoMars: Trace Gas Orbiter Russian contribution: ACS
Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) – Three spectrometers for the study of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Total mass: 33.3 kg (with electronic block).
Name
Description
Prototype
ACS-NIR
Echelle-AOTF (Near IR: μm, R~20000).
Monitoring and profiling of CO, H2O, O2. Dayglow O2 emission, sensitive search for nightglows.
Mass: 3.5 kg. Power: 15 W.
ISS
ACS-MIR
Echelle spectrometer (Middle IR: μm, R>50000).
Profiles of CH4 , H2O, СО, isotopic ratios HDO/H2O. Search for undetected species.
Mass: 12 kg. Power: 20 W.
Phobos-Grunt
ACS-TIR
Fourier-spectrometer (2-25 μm, 0.2 cm-1). Monitoring of thermal state, aerosols, minor constituents in nadir. Detection in occultation.

8. FREND: Fine Resolution Epithermal Neutrons Detector
FREND is a neutron detector with a collimator and dosimeter module. Measurements are performed in a narrow field of view of about 10°, allowing to estimate the presence of water in the Martian surface with approx 40 km resolution. This is 10 times better than the resolution of currently exiting HEND/Odyssey map:
Poly
HEND/Odyssey data,
~400 km resolution
10B
400 km pixel
3He
Gale Crater
Scint
40 km pixel
Preliminary design
FREND Collimator
Dosimeter module
Silicon based semi-conductor detector
Resolution: < 100 keV for 100 keV – 10 MeV range; < 350 keV for 10 MeV – 80 MeV range
Measured values:
Absorbed dose: 10-5 – 101 Gy
Absorbed dose rate: 10-6 – 10-1 Gy/h
Flux of particles: 1 – 1000 particles·cm2/s
Time resolution of absorbed dose and flux: 1 min
Time resolution of ionization losses spectr: 1 hr
Simulation of FREND/TGO data, ~40 km resolution
Martian neutron energy ranges:
Epithermal (3He counters): 0.4 eV – 500 keV
Fast (Stylbene Scintillator): 0.5 – 10 MeV
Spatial resolution: ~ 40 km at 400 km orbit
FREND is practically identical to LEND instrument onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which is orbiting the Moon since 2009 and proved it’s efficiency in both design and neutrons collimation concept that allows high resolution orbital mapping of neutron fluxes.
Instrument PI: Igor Mitrofanov, Scientist: Anton Sanin, Manager: Alexey Malakhov, Space Research Institute (IKI)

9. ExoMars: Project configuration Exomars Rover with Pasteur payload
2018
Exomars Rover with Pasteur payload
Landing Platform
Russian contribution:
Two instruments onboard of the rover: Infrared spectrometer (ISEM) on the mast and neutron detector Adron-RM.
Scientific payload of the landing platform.

10. ExoMars: Rover 2018 Russian Instruments ISEM Adron-RM Name Description
Prototype
ISEM
Infrared spectrometer located on the rover mast. Mineralogical analysis of surface targets. Sample selection for the rover payload. Mass:1.2 kg.
MEX/Luna-Resurs
Adron-RM
Search for subsurface water along rover traverse. Coordinated operation with WISDOM radar.
Mass: 1.7 kg
MSL
OB ISEM
HRC
PanCam

11. EXOMARS 2018: Descent Scenario11

12. EXOMARS 2018: landing module integrated with braking stage
Exhaust parachute
Parachute container
Main parachute
Trail cover
Trail cover
Petals
Breaking thruster
Aux thruster
Descent module
Aerodynamic shield
Feet
Descent platform
tanks
Doppler radar
Aerodynamic shield 12

13. Exhaust parachute
Parachute container
Main parachute
Trail cover
Trail cover
Petals
Breaking thruster
Aux thruster
Descent module
Descent platform
Aerodynamic shield
tanks
Feet
Doppler radar
Aerodynamic shield 13

14. EXOMARS 2018: landing module in surface configuration
Rover
Solar panels
Feet 14

15. Exomars: landing platform Preliminary instrument selection
Target mass of the science payload for the landing platform is ~50 kg. European contribution will be discussed once the level of resources available is confirmed. Preliminary list of scientific instruments:
Instrument
Mass
Description
Robotic arm w sampling device 3
Sampling for GCMS, close-up camera, Mossbauer
Meteopackage
PTW-Hum measurements
Moessbauer spectrometer
0.5
Iron mineralogy (Germany)
PanCam
0.4
Surface panorama, atmosphere
Methane detector (F-P spectrometer)
2.3
Methane, minor gases.
GSMS Gas chromotographer 10
Composition, reactivity
Seismometer
9.1
Seismometry (France)
STEM (contact sensors)
0.8
Temperature, conductivity, etc
Lidar 1
Aerosol up to 5-10 km
Fourier-spectrometer
3.8
Minor constituents, boundary layer ( μm)
M-TDLAS (laser spectrometer)
Minor constituents, isotopic ratios locally
MARSES-MAIGRET (low-frequency radar, magnetometer 4
Water contents down to 100s of m, manetotelluric, etc
Neutron spectrometer
7.7
Subsurface water
MANAGA-TOF (atmospheric MS)
Atmosphere composition
Dust complex
4,5
Dust dynamics near the surface

16. Mars-Grunt. 2022-2024. ExoMars. 2016-2018. Phobos-2 2020-2022.
Possible further steps of a joint Roscosmos-ESA Mars Exploration programme
ExoMars
Phobos
Mars-Grunt

17. Joint project proposal
Phobos investigation
Joint project proposal
There is an ESA proposed project for Phobos sample return (PHOOTPRINT) with a launch in 2022 and sample return in 2025.
Given high scientific value of Mars satellites exploration, existing Russian developments in a field of sample return from the surface of Phobos and ESA interest to such a project, it is suggested to study (can be done by existing working group) feasibility of a joint ESA-Roscosmos project on Phobos Exploration.
гг. – launch of a mission for landing on Phobos, in situ investigation of Phobos surface and sample return to the Earth.

18. Mars-SR
The main scientific objective of Mars-Grunt project (which can be launched after 2022) is to provide science community with the samples from the Martian surface.
The sample return from the Mars is being discussed by leading space agencies. Taking into account the technological complexity of such a mission and the high value of scientific output, it’s realization is more probable as a part of international cooperation.
Another important outcome of this project will be a development of sample return technologies, which can be used during preparation of manned Mars exploration.
Technological steps :
Exomars Landing platform (2018)
Moon sample return ( )
Phobos sample return ( )