1. Optical Nonlinear Properties of Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Composites Abdulkadir Yurt 04.29.2009

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Linear Optical Properties 3. Nonlinear Optical Properties 4. Effect of surrounding medium 5. Selected Applications

3. 1.Introduction Need for faster and smaller data processing technology Understanding nonlinear phenomenon in bulk and nanosized metals L. Cao and M. Brongersma, Nature Photonics, January (2009 )

4. 2.Linear Optical Properties Permittivity of metals Local Field Factor Confinement Effect Figure 1: Modulus of the local field factor f. * * M. G. Papadopoulos, et al Nonlinear Optical Properties of Matter, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006

5. 3.Nonlinear Optical Properties Basic Nonlinear Optics Equations: Optical Kerr Effect Third Harmonic Generation (THG)

6. 3.Nonlinear Optical Properties R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press, Boston, (1992)

7. 3.Nonlinear Optical Properties Origin of intrinsic nonlinearity –Thermal and electronic contribution –Notice size dependencies Figure 2: Band structure of noble metals. * F. Hache, et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 1647 (1986) * C. Voisin et al. Phys. Rev. B 69,195416 (2004)

8. 4.Effect of surrounding medium Figure 3: Real, imaginary and modulus of the effective nonlinear susceptibility within visible range.* * M. G. Papadopoulos, et al Nonlinear Optical Properties of Matter, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006

9. 4.Effect of surrounding medium Takeda et al. Opt. Exp. 16, 6010 (2007); Figure 4: The variation in ε of the Effective medium. Figure 5: The variation in intrinsic ε of the metal nanoparticles.

10. 5.Selected Applications - “ Photo-thermal cancer therapy using gold nanoparticles” by El-Sayed et al. Based on SHG They use 800nm excitation. Transparent to skin. 20 times lower energy to destroy cancer cells X. Huang, W. Qian, I. H. El-Sayed, M. A. El-Sayed, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 39(9), 747 – 753, (2007).

11. 5.Selected Applications -“ All-optical switching in subwavelength metallic grating structure containing Au:SiO2 composite material” by Min et al. -Based on optical Kerr effect -200fs switching time with low power requirement C. Min, et al. Opt. Lett. 33, 869-871 (2008)

12. 5.Selected Applications “Ultra-fast active plasmonics” by Zheludev et al. MacDonald, K. F., Sámson, Z. L., Stockman, M. I. and Zheludev, N. I. Nature Photon. 3, 55–58 (2009)

13. Conclusion Noble metals are promising candidates for nonlinear optics, active plasmonics and biological labeling and therapy applications Their size, surrounding medium and excitation characteristics can be engineered to have optimum desired response. Using ultra-short high power pulses, non- equilibrium electron distribution studies can further provide insight to quantum metallic systems.

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