1. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Chapter 9 The Skills of Confrontation: Supporting While Challenging

2. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Confrontation Skill Function Confront discrepancies. Help clients move beyond their issues to realize their full potential as human beings.

3. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Confrontation Skill Function Identify incongruity or mixed messages in behavior, thought, feelings, or meanings. Increase client talk and explain and/or resolve conflict. Identify client change processes in the interview and throughout treatment. Mediate conflict resolution.

4. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Challenging and Supporting 1.Identify the conflict and/or discrepancy. 2.Point them out and work to resolve them. 3.Evaluate the change.

5. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 1. Identify Conflict Internal Conflicts - Between External Conflicts - Between ~ non-verbal behaviors. ~ two statements. ~ what one says and one does. ~ statements and non-verbal behavior. ~ people. ~ others and a situation.

6. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 2. Point Out and Work on Issues Clearly identify incongruity. Draw out specifics and attend each part of the mixed message. Periodically summarize the dimensions of the incongruity. Conduct a positive asset search. When needed, provide feedback from your observations. Don’t give up on positions you believe correct.

7. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 2. Point Out and Work on Issues Establish a solid trust relationship. Learn supportive, empathic confrontation. Listen in silence as the client struggles with contradiction. Use personally authentic and meaningful mode of confrontation. Individual and multicultural cautions

8. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 2. Point Out and Work on Issues Ask questions about dimensions rather than challenge immediately. Allow time to explore the discrepancy and find new alternatives. Take “time out” from confronting to focus on positive stories. Question and elaboration

9. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 2. Point Out and Work on Issues Logical consequences, interpretation / reframe, and special directives. May take the form of sharing your thoughts with the client. Direct challenge

10. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 2. Point Out and Work on Issues Listening may be sufficient. Pushing for change can get in the client’s way. Client may need to live with discrepancies that cannot be resolved. Not confronting

11. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 3. Evaluate the Change Determine where your client is functioning in terms of change at any time during the interview. Discover how effective your responses have been. Observe client thinking and behaving.

12. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 3. Evaluate the Change Death and Dying Change Theory Development of Inclusive Behaviors Denial Partial Acceptance Acceptance and Recognition Generation of a New Solution Early transcendence. Transcendence. Patient cannot accept the reality. Bargaining and anger, magical thinking, anger, masking sadness and fear. Possible to move to other levels of cognition and emotion. May include depression.

13. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning 3. Evaluate the Change Decides to Change From Incongruity Denial Partial Examination Full Examination But No Change Decides to Live With Incongruity Discusses and is fully aware of decision impact. Discusses and alters choices when faced with incongruity. Denies or fails to hear incongruity Discusses part, but not all, of the incongruity. 1 5432 Discusses incongruity completely, but will not change. Confrontation Impact Scale (CIS)

14. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Identification and Classification Identify discrepancies and incongruities. Classify and write counselor statements indicating presence or absence of elements of confrontation. Identify client change processes through observation on the CIS.

15. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Basic Competence Gain basic competence in confrontation before moving on to the next skill area. Observe and identify, in the here-and-now, responses on the five levels of the CIS. Use positive asset search to help clients find strengths to help them move toward positive change.

16. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Intentional Competence Help clients change their manner of talking about a problem. Move clients from the lower to the higher levels of the CIS when discussing issues. Identify and rate (CIS) client responses. Meet client responses inferred from the CIS.

17. Copyright ©2007 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning Teaching Competence To small groups of counselors or interviewers. To appropriate clients. Teach confrontation skills: ~ Self-directed thinkers ~ Those grieving ~ Clients facing divorce, rape, or other difficult issues