1. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Cultural Anthropology, 2E by Nancy Bonvillain Chapter 1 What is Anthropology?

2. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Key Distinguishing Features A focus on the concept of culture A comparative perspective A holistic perspective

3. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Concept of Culture The learned values, beliefs, and rules of conduct shared to some extent by the members of a society that govern their behavior with one another Symbolic CultureMaterial Culture

4. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Concept of Culture Symbolic culture: People’s ideas and means of communicating those ideas. Material culture: The tools, utensils, clothing, housing, and other objects that people make or use.

5. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. A Holistic Perspective A perspective that views culture as an integrated whole, no part of which can be completely understood without considering the whole. Considers the interconnections among factors that contribute to people’s behavior.

6. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. A Comparative Perspective Universals vs. Diversity Anthropologists collect data in many societies to document the diversity of human culture and to understand common patterns. Culture Change Cultures are not static: they change in response to internal and external pressures. Globalization Globalization concerns the spread of economic, political, and cultural influences across a large geographic area or many different societies.

7. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Four Subfields of Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology Archaeology Biological Anthropology

8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 1.1 (p. 6) Subfields of Anthropology

9. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Cultural Anthropology The Study of Human Culture Ethnography Ethnology Cultural Relativity/Ethnocentrism

10. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Linguistic Anthropology Interconnection of Language, Culture, and Society Indigenous Languages Historical Linguistics

11. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Archaeology The Study of Material Culture Historic Prehistoric Applied

12. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Biological Anthropology The Study of Human Origins and Contemporary Biological Diversity Paleoanthropology –Evolution –Primatology –Human variation Medical Anthropology

13. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Applied Anthropology The application of the techniques and theories of anthropology to solving real-world problems. Includes the fields of: –Forensic anthropology –Cultural resource management (CRM) –Contract Archaeology

14. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Forensic Anthropology Employs biological anthropologists who analyze human remains in the service of: –Criminal justice –Families of disaster victims

15. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Cultural Resource Management (CRM) The application of archaeology to preserve and protect historic structures and prehistoric sites.

16. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Contract Archaeology The application of archaeology to: –Assess the potential impact of construction on archaeological sites –Salvage archaeological evidence

17. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Table 1.1a (p. 7) Career Opportunities in the Four Subfields of Anthropology (continued on next slide)

18. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Table 1.1b (p. 7) Career Opportunities in the Four Subfields of Anthropology (continued from the previous slide)