1. The First Humans
Prehistory-3500 BC

2. Chapter Objectives
Explain the methods scientists use to uncover early human existence
Describe the nature of human life during the Old Stone Age
Identify the important developments of the New Stone Age
Define civilization and identify the characteristics of a civilization

3. Early Humans Before History Early Stages of Development
The Hunters-Gatherers of the Old Stone Age

4. Before History Prehistory- period for which we have no written records
Prehistoric people had no cities, countries, or centralized governments
The story of early humans relies primarily on archaeological and biological information
Archaeologists and anthropologists use this information to create theories of our early past

5. Archaeology and Anthropology
Archaeology- study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind
Artifacts- tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and household items
Anthropology- study of human life and culture
Use artifacts and human fossils

6. Scientific Methods Used to Create Theories
Radiocarbon Dating
Scientists calculate the age of an object by measuring the amount of C-14 left in it
Accurate for objects 50,000 yrs old or less
Thermoluminescence
Measures the light given off by electrons trapped in soil surrounding an object
Accurate for objects up to 200,000 yrs old
Biological Methods
DNA and blood molecule analysis

7. Think-Pair-Share
What artifacts from contemporary culture would best show contemporary ways of life, beliefs, and values to archaeologists and anthropologists tens of thousands of years from now? Explain what these artifacts would teach future peoples about us.

8. Early Stages of Developnment
Australopithecines
Homo Erectus
Neanderthals
Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Stage 1 2 3*
Translation
“Southern apes”
“Upright Human Being”
“Wise , Wise Human Being”
When
3-4 Million Yrs Ago
1.5 Million Yrs Ago
100, ,000 Yrs Ago
150, ,000
Where
Africa
Africa, Europe, Asia
Europe, Southwest Asia
Everywhere
Tools/ Advancements/Acheivements
Made simple stone tools
Larger more varied tools; First to leave Africa; Use of fire
Variety of stone tools; First people to bury their dead; Clothes from animal skins
First anatomically modern humans

9. Spread of Homo Sapiens Sapiens
Homo Sapiens Sapiens replaced Neanderthals by 30,000 BC
Spread of these first modern humans was slow
Groups of people, probably in search of food, moved at a rate of 2-3 miles per generation
Although slow, this was enough to populate the entire world of tens of thousands of years
- All humans today belong to this subgroup of human beings

10. Think-Pair-Share Look at the Geography Skills questions on page 22.
Using the map, answer the 2 questions
Answers:
1. North America to South America (2,000yrs)
2. Northeast North America

11. The Hunter-Gatherers of the Old Stone Age
Paleolithic Age
Early period of human history (approximately 2,500,000 to 10,000 BC)
Humans used simple stone tools
“Old Stone Age”

12. Paleolithic Way of Life
Roles of Men and Women
Use of Fire
Nomadic
Paleolithic Age
Inventions
Shelter
Art

13. Reading Activity
As we read from page 22-25, write down all important aspects of Paleolithic life, in relation to the graphic organizer on the previous slide
Questions:
1. What were the different roles of Paleolithic men and women, in regards to finding food?
- Women gathered berries, nuts, and fruits
Men hunted
2. Why was finding food the principal work of Paleolithic peoples?
- Needed food for survival

14. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization
The Emergence of Civilization

15. The Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Age
Period of human history from 8000 to 4000 BC
“New Stone Age”
Shift from hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture- keeping of animals and growing of food
End of nomadic lifestyles

16. The Growing of Crops
By 8000 BC, systematic agriculture developed in Southwest Asia
By 4000 BC, systematic agriculture was well established in central Europe and the coastal regions of the Mediterranean

17. Neolithic Farming Villages
The growing of crops gave rise to more permanent settlements
These farming villages were located all over, but the most prominent ones were located in Southwest Asia
Due to increased food production, food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming
Artisans were skilled workers that made products such as weapons or jewelry that was traded with neighboring villages
Shrines and statues point to growing role of religion

18. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution
Building of houses and other structures
Development of trade
Specialized labor
Refined stone tools
Men become more involved in farming and herding
Women responsible for caring for children and other activities requiring labor in one place
Men take a dominant role

19. End of the Neolithic Age
Between 4000 and 3000 BC new developments affected Neolithic towns
Copper was first metal to be used for making tools
Western Asians discovered combination of copper and tin formed bronze-harder and more durable than copper
Bronze Age – 1200 BC
As farming was mastered, societies began building armies and walled cities, by beginning of Bronze age, large numbers of people were concentrated in the river valleys of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China

20. Think-Pair-Share
How did the Neolithic Age differ from the Paleolithic age?

21. The Emergence of Civilization
Culture- the way of life a group of people follow
Civilization- a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements
Historians have identified basic characteristics of civilizations

22. What Makes a Civilization
Central Governments
Cities
What Makes a Civilization?
Organized Religion
Art and Architecture
System of Writing
Social Classes

23. Reading Activity
As we read page write down all important information as it pertains to the six characteristics of civilizations discussed.
Be prepared to share findings

24. Exit Ticket
Respond to 2 out of the 4 following prompts. Be sure responses are written in full, correct sentences. Please # the responses by the number of the prompt being answered.
1. Explain the methods scientists use to uncover early human existence
2. Describe the nature of human life during the Old Stone Age
3. Identify the important developments of the New Stone Age
4. Define civilization and identify the characteristics of a civilization