1. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph fluid
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph glands
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

2. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
1- Fluid Balance (Lymph acts an intermediary between blood in capillaries and interstitial tissue/cells and lymph vessels transport excess fluid back into blood.)
2-Lymphocyte Production (Lymph
Nodes, Spleen and Thymus)
3-Filtration (Lymph Nodes/Tonsils)
4-Immunity
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3. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Complete
Immunity Notes
Handout
2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

4. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Immunity
Sometimes pathogens and foreign invaders penetrate a person’s first line of defense; unbroken skin—the body’s ability to resist these invaders and diseases they cause is
called Immunity.
2 general types are:
Natural Immunity
Acquired Immunity
Think about how
sneezing relates to
immunity.
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5. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Natural immunity
The immunity you are naturally born with
(unbroken skin, secretions, mucus, tears,
WBCs, inflammatory response.)
Acquired Immunity
When body encounters foreign invaders it creates a
substance to fight it (antibody)and tries to make itself
permanently resistant to invader. Develops over lifetime
May be passive or active
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Acquired immunity: Passive
Borrowed immunity
Acquired artificially by injecting antibodies from the blood of other people or animals into a person’s
body to protect them from a specific disease
produces immediate immunity that lasts only
from 3-5 weeks, then the antibodies are
inactivated by person’s own immune system.
Provides immediate temporary protection
Ex: baby acquires PAI at birth &
from breastfeeding.
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Acquired immunity: Active
Lasts longer
2 types of Active Acquired Imm.
Natural
Artificial
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8. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Active Natural
Result of having had and recovered from a disease
As the body produces antibodies to combat future infection
Ex: Chicken Pox
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9. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Acquired immunity: Active Artificial
Inoculation; receiving vaccine gives person a mild form of the disease so
they can create antibodies to
fight future infection.
Ex: Hepatitis B, Measles,
Mumps, Rubella, Varicella
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Acquired immunity
Active Artificial
Should immunizations be required?
Why or why not?
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11. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph fluid-similar to plasma
straw-colored
clear
tissue fluid
Carries digested
food, O2, and
hormones to tissue
cells.
- Carries wastes (CO2, &
urea) from tissue cells back
to capillaries for excretion.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

12. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
parallel to blood vessels
No pump, so transports lymph
by pushing it thru vessels via contraction of skeletal muscles
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

13. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

14. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
Lacteals
Specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines
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15. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph surrounding tissue cells enters small lymph vessels—which join to form larger lymph vessels (lymphatics) eventually forming 2 main Lymphatics
Thoracic duct
AKA called the Left Lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the left side, abdomen, empties into heart
Right Lymphatic duct
receives lymph from R arm, upper R side head and upper trunk empties into heart
Lymph flows only in one direction-from body organs to
the Heart.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

16. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
tiny, oval-shaped structures
range in size from a pinhead to an almond
Lymph node
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17. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Acts as a filter for pathogens or foreign substances, produces lymphocytes (WBCs)
which enter blood stream and produce antibodies.
Can become inflamed if large qty harmful substances cannot be destroyed by lymphocytes.
Found in clusters in axillary (armpit), cervical, groin, and abdominal areas.
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

18. Structures of the lymphatic system
Tonsils-Lymph Nodes
3 pairs
masses of lymphatic tissue
Palatine tonsils
sides of throat
Adenoids
upper throat
(pharynx)
Lingual tonsils
back of tongue
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

19. Structures of the lymphatic system
Since Tonsils are lymph nodes, they play an
Important part in our
immunity.
Tonsils get smaller as
person ages. “Why?”
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

20. Structures of the lymphatic system
Spleen
Sac-like mass
Largest lymphatic
Located in the LUQ
Stores RBCs
Destroys old RBCs
Forms WBCs
Filters blood
2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system

21. Structures of the lymphatic system
Thymus gland
located in the upper, anterior chest
also an endocrine gland (secretes hormones)
Produces lymphocytes
Large in children, gets smaller as age
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Lymphatic System Diseases/Disorders
Hypersensitivity/Allergic-When body’s immune system fails to protect itself against foreign materials, anti-bodies form and cause irritation; rash, sneezing, etc… Occurs in people who are hypersensitive/allergic to allergens such as grass, animals, medicines, foods, bees, etc..
Tx: stay away from allergens, or take antihistamines
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23. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Anaphylactic shock
Severe and sometimes fatal allergic reaction to an allergen. Result of an antigen-antibody reaction that causes massive release of histamines (increases secretions)
What are the symptoms?
breathing problems (dyspnea), hypotension, headache, facial swelling, stomach cramps, vomiting
Treatment? EpiPen
injection of Adrenalin/
Antihistamine
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24. 2.03 Remember the stuctures of the lymphatic system
Go to this link for instructions on Epi Pen administration
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25. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Blood-borne pathogen that destroys lymphocytes of body’s immune system
No sxs or may have mild flu-like sxs that disappear within a week that may not occur for
another 10 years or more.
Transmitted thru blood, sex,
In utero to babies, and sharing of
IV drugs. No treatment/cure!
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26. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)- Text Also go to AIDShealth.org for
More information on HIV/AIDS
What is the history of the disease?
Give a description of the disease:
What is the incubation period?
What are the symptoms?
What is the treatment?
Prognosis?
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Cancer
Go to American Cancer Society.org for more information
What is cancer?
Who gets cancer?
Why is it included in the lymphatic system?
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Hodgkin’s disease :
American Cancer Society.org
What is Hodgkin’s disease?
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease?
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Infectious mononucleosis
What is mononucleosis most often called?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
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Lupus erythematosus
What is the classic symptom of lupus?
What other symptoms might present?
How is lupus managed?
What is the prognosis?
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Lymphadenitis
What is it?
Lymph aden itis
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated?
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Lymphedema
What is it?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.
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Scleroderma
What is it?
What causes it?
What are some complications of scleroderma?
How is it treated?
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34. 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system
Tonsillitis
What are the symptoms?
What are the usual treatments?
Why would you have your tonsils removed?
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