1. Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function

2. Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR Foreign Ags………. 對外

3. Adaptive immunity 1. Antigen specificity 2. Diversity 3. Immunological memory 4. Self tolerance Four characteristics

4. Clonal selection Immune diversity Antigen specificity Diversity Memory Central tolerance Peripheral tolerance

5. Sites of effector function Primary (Central): Bone marrow 骨髓 Thymus 胸腺 Secondary (Pheripheral): Lymph nodes 淋巴結 Spleen 脾臟 Peyer’s patches

6. Lymph node distribution in the body

7. Ag Innate Adaptive ExtracellularPhagocytes B cells Intracellular NK CD8 Tc cells (Altered self) Immunity & Ag location Cytotoxicity CD4 Th Humoral response Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) 1 2

8. Phagocytes Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC) B/T cells Lymphocyte activation Clonal selection Humoral Imm/CMI Memory Inflammatory site Inflammation Inflammatory site Lymph node Induction of adaptive immunity Dendritic cells (DC)

10. Lymph node DC T HEV T cell activation

11. Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of CD4 Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function

12. Naïve, activated, effector Humoral immunityCell-mediated immunity (CMI) Activation Effector

13. Three signals in naïve T cell activation Priming The activation and differentiation of naïve T cells Costimulation

14. Professional APC

15. Ag & MHC presentation pathways DC/Macrophages/B cells Foreign or Self Ag Signal 1

16. Signal 2 Signal 2 alone

17. CD4 T cell activation IL2 production Clonal expansion Signal 1+2 IL2R

18. Professional APC

19. Lack of signal 2 upon T cell activation Peripheral tolerance

20. Negative regulation of signal 2 upon T cell activation Peripheral tolerance Inhibition of activated T cells

21. CD4 T cell differentiation CMI: CD8 T Humoral response Th17 Promote local inflammation

22. Signal 3: cytokine

23. Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function Effector response

24. Innate immunity Activation Effector phase

26. IL6 Chemokines Amplifier of acute Inflammation (local site, BM) Recruitment of neutrophils Activation of macrophages Expression of antimicrobial peptides IL17 Ubiquitous expression of IL17R: fibroblasts, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, etc. Rapid T cell response to infection: Th17 G-CSF GM-CSF

27. CD4 T cell differentiation CD8 T CMI Humoral immunity

28. CMI: Macrophages activated by Th1 APC activation

29. Cytotoxic granules CMI: CD8T cytotoxic response

30. Membrane effector molecule

32. Effector T cells

33. Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function Effector response

34. Effector Th2 cells Humoral immunity: B cell response B cells as APC

35. Affinity maturation 2. Somatic hypermutation 1. Isotype switching 3. Memory CD4T-dependent:

36. Effector response CD4 Th17, Th1/ Th2 CD8 Tc B cells

37. Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity Humoral immunity Immunological memory Immune effector function

38. Adaptive immunity

39. Protective immunity & time Apoptosis of effectors Memory cells:long-lived