1. Digestive System

4. Table 21.15

5. p. 1070

7. Figure 21.21_1 Weight (pounds) 100 120140160180 200 220 240 260 410  50  52  54  56  58  510  60  62  64  Height Underweight BMI  18.5 Normal BMI 18.5–24 Overweight BMI 25–29 Extremely obese BMI  39 Obese BMI 30–39

8. p. 1071

11. Table 21.17B

14. Figure 21.10B Vein carrying blood to the liver Muscle layers Large circular folds Villi Intestinal wall Lumen Nutrient absorption Villi Lymph vessel Blood capillaries Epithelial cells Lumen of intestine Microvilli Nutrient absorption Fats Blood Lymph Epithelial cells of a villus Amino acids and sugars Fatty acids and glycerol

16. Figure 21.4_1 Key Alimentary canal Accessory digestive glands Rectum Anus Small intestine Large intestine Stomach Esophagus Oral cavity A schematic diagram of the human digestive system Salivary glands Gall- bladder Liver Pancreas

17. p. 1079

18. Figure 21.5 Incisors Canine Premolars Molars “Wisdom” tooth Tongue Salivary glands Opening of a salivary gland duct

19. Figure 21.6A_4 Tongue Epiglottis up Larynx down Trachea (windpipe) Starting to swallow (sphincter contracted) Esophagus Esophageal sphincter Pharynx Bolus of food

20. Figure 21.6A_5 Swallowing reflex (sphincter relaxed) Epiglottis down Larynx up

21. Figure 21.6A_6 Swallowing completed (sphincter contracted) Epiglottis up Larynx down

22. Figure 21.6B Esophageal sphincter (contracted) Bolus of food Muscles contract, squeezing the bolus through the esophagus. Muscles relax, allowing the passageway to open. Bolus of food Stomach

23. Figure 21.8_1 Esophagus Sphincter Lumen (cavity) of stomach Sphincter Stomach Small intestine Gastrin Interior surface of the stomach

24. Figure 21.8_2 Release of gastric juice (mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen) Pits Epithelium Mucous cells Chief cells Parietal cells Gastric gland Pepsinogen Pepsin (active enzyme) HCl Cl  HH Interior surface of the stomach 321

25. Figure 21.10A Liver Gall- bladder Bile Intestinal enzymes Duodenum of small intestine Chyme Stomach Pancreas Pancreatic juice

26. Figure 21.10B Vein carrying blood to the liver Muscle layers Large circular folds Villi Intestinal wall Lumen Nutrient absorption Villi Lymph vessel Blood capillaries Epithelial cells Lumen of intestine Microvilli Nutrient absorption Fats Blood Lymph Epithelial cells of a villus Amino acids and sugars Fatty acids and glycerol

27. Figure 21.10B_2 Villi Lymph vessel Blood capillaries Epithelial cells Lumen of intestine Microvilli Nutrient absorption Fats Blood Lymph Epithelial cells of a villus Amino acids and sugars Fatty acids and glycerol

28. Figure 21.12 Cecum Appendix End of small intestine Large intestine (colon) Unabsorbed food material Small intestine Rectum Anus

29. Figure 21.10B_2 Villi Lymph vessel Blood capillaries Epithelial cells Lumen of intestine Microvilli Nutrient absorption Fats Blood Lymph Epithelial cells of a villus Amino acids and sugars Fatty acids and glycerol

30. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

34. p. 1087

35. Figure 21.20B