1. The Circulatory System Most of the cells in the human body are not in direct contact with the external environment. The circulatory system acts as a transport system for these cells.

2. Two fluids move through the circulatory system: Blood & Lymph Two systems make up the circulatory system: Cardiovascular  Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Lymphatic System  Lymph Nodes, Lymph Vessels, Lymph

3. Blood Connective tissue carrying O 2 & nutrients TO the body, and carrying wastes AWAY!

4. Components: 1) Plasma  Liquid, 90% water  Moves out of capillaries delivering nutrients to cells  Collects wastes to be removed 2) Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)  Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide  Contain hemoglobin  Made in bone marrow (live 100 days)  No nucleus or organelles, can’t divide 3) White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)  Help defend body against disease  Largest in size, smallest in number (600 red to 1 white)  Made in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen (live for years) 4) Platelets  Cell fragments involved in clotting  Made in bone marrow (live 7 to 10 days)

5. Blood Vessels A. Arteries 1) Move blood away from heart 2) Carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary) 3) High pressure 4) Diverge into smaller arterioles

6. B. Capillaries 1) Arterioles diverge into capillaries 2) Paper thin 3) Diffusion of materials (O 2 & CO 2 ) occurs here, due to concentration gradient 4) Connect artery and vein system Blood Vessels cont.

7. C. Veins 1) Venules merge into veins 2) Move blood towards the heart 3) Carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary) 4) Lower pressure: movement is due to the contraction of neighboring muscles 5) One-way valves prevent blood from “back flowing” Blood Vessels cont.

8. Circulatory Subsystems A. Pulmonary Circulation: heart to lungs & back B. Systemic Circulation: heart to body & back C. Coronary Circulation: heart to heart muscle & back

9. Muscular organ composed of cardiac muscle and nervous tissue Muscular organ composed of cardiac muscle and nervous tissue The human heart has 4 chambers: The human heart has 4 chambers: R & L atria, R & L ventricles The Heart

10. Label the Heart 1. Aorta 2. Superior Vena Cava 3. Pulmonary Artery 4. Pulmonary Veins 5. Right Atrium 6. Tricuspid/Right AV Valve 7. Right Ventricle 8. Inferior Vena Cava 9. Pulmonary Artery 10. Pulmonary Veins 11. Left Atrium 12. Bicuspid/Mitral 13. Aortic Valve 14. Left Ventricle 15. Descending Aorta 16. Septum 17. Pulmonary Valve 16. Some babies are born with a hole in the septum between the two atria. Why is this harmful to the baby? 17.

11. Flow of Blood through the Heart 1.Blood enters via vena cava veins into the right atrium 2.Through tricuspid valve into right ventricle 3.Through pulmonary valve into pulmonary arteries to lungs 4.Back from lungs via pulmonary veins into left atrium 5.Through bicuspid valve into left ventricle 6.Through aortic valve into aorta to body

12. Trace the path of blood flow on your diagram!

13. The Lymphatic System A. A. Function  To return lymph (plasma) that has collected in the tissues to the bloodstream. All cells don’t touch a capillary directly…plasma “leaks” out, bathes cells, delivers nutrients B. B. Lymph Vessels  a. a.One-way system, from tissues back to heart b. b.No pump; lymph is moved by contraction of surrounding muscles. c. c.Valves to prevent fluid from moving backwards. d. d.Vessels run next to veins…good “stuff” diffuses back in, bad stuff moves to lymph nodes and eventually kidneys. B. B. Lymph Nodes  a. a.Found along the lymph vessels, like beads on a string b. b.Filter lymph as it passes, trapping foreign particles, microorganisms, and debris. c. c.Store white blood cells which take care of the microorganisms. d. d.Why do your lymph nodes get swollen during an infection?

14. Cardiovascular Health Exercise: Cardiovascular workout for 20 minutes 3 times a week Why? Exercise produces carbon dioxide, heart has to pump faster to get rid of it. Gets stronger with more pumping…

15. Heart Disease Factors: Diet Diet Exercise Exercise Smoking Smoking Genetics Genetics Obesity Obesity Diabetes Diabetes Stress Stress Hypertension Hypertension Symptoms: Loss of Breath Loss of Breath Throbbing Heart Throbbing Heart Pain in left shoulder, jaw, chest Pain in left shoulder, jaw, chest Sweating, Clammy Sweating, Clammy Angina (intense chest pain) Angina (intense chest pain)

16. a. Artherosclerosis: A build-up of fatty deposits within the arteries b. Arteriosclerosis: b. Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries, severe artherosclerosis c. Heart Attack: c. Heart Attack: A blockage in the coronary arteries, or vessels supplying blood to the heart A blockage in the coronary arteries, or vessels supplying blood to the heart d. Stroke: d. Stroke: A blockage in the arteries supplying blood to the brain A blockage in the arteries supplying blood to the brain

17. Cholesterol A waxy, fat-like compound classified as a steroid. A waxy, fat-like compound classified as a steroid. 85% of the cholesterol in your body is produced by your liver, the other 15% comes from your diet. 85% of the cholesterol in your body is produced by your liver, the other 15% comes from your diet. Some is good…Your body uses cholesterol to: Some is good…Your body uses cholesterol to:  Form and maintain cell membranes  Form sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone) A good cholesterol level (determined by blood tests) is < 200 A good cholesterol level (determined by blood tests) is < 200 General rule of thumb: Package labels should have 3 grams of fat or less per serving. General rule of thumb: Package labels should have 3 grams of fat or less per serving.

18. Blood Pressure Systolic Systolic Diastolic Diastolic Normal Pressure Normal Pressure Hypertension Hypertension In which blood vessels would you expect to find the lowest average blood pressure? Why?