1. KEY CONCEPT The respiratory and circulatory systems bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells.

2. The circulatory system transports blood and other materials.
The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
The circulatory system transports blood and other materials.
brings supplies to cells
carries away wastes
separates oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood
Oxygen-poor blood
Oxygen-rich blood

3. The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs.
picks up oxygen from inhaled air
expels carbon dioxide and water
nose
sinus
mouth
epiglottis
trachea
lungs

4. The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood.
The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area.
The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.
alveoli
bronchiole

5. Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage.
Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
Air inhaled.
Muscles contract and
rib cage expands.
Diaphragm flattens
and moves downward.
Air exhaled.
Muscles and
rib cage relax.
Diaphragm relaxes
and rises.

6. The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body.
The system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
heart pumps blood throughout body
arteries move blood away from heart
veins move blood back to heart
capillaries get blood to and from cells
veins
arteries

7. There are three major functions of the circulatory system.
transporting blood, gases, nutrients
collecting waste materials
maintaining body temperature

8. KEY CONCEPT 30.2 The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.

9. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli.
oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary
oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli
ALVEOLI
GAS EXCHANGES
alveolus
capillary
co2 o2
Co2 diffuses
into alveolus.
O2 diffuses
into blood.
capillaries

10. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
Breathing is regulated by the brain stem.
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
spinal chord

11. Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption.
Emphysema destroys alveoli.
Asthma constricts airways.
Cystic fibrosis produces sticky mucus.

12. Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

13. KEY CONCEPT 30.3 The heart is a muscular pump that moves the blood through two pathways.

14. The tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump.
Cardiac muscle tissue works continuously without tiring.
NORMAL HUMAN HEART

15. The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles.
Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood.
aortic valve
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
septum
pulmonary valve
right atrium
tricuspid
right ventricle
Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action.

16. The heartbeat consists of two contractions.
SA node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to contract
AV node stimulates ventricles to contract
SA node
VA node

17. Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.3 1 4 2

18. Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.
oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then right ventricle
right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood to body

19. The heart pumps blood through two main pathways.
Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the lungs.
oxygen-poor blood enters lungs
excess carbon dioxide and water expelled
blood picks up oxygen
oxygen-rich blood returns to heart

20. Systemic circulation occurs between the heart and the rest of the body.
oxygen-rich blood goes to organs, extremities
oxygen-poor blood returns to heart
The two pathways help maintain a stable body temperature.

21. KEY CONCEPT 30.4 The circulatory system transports materials throughout the body.

22. Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts of the body.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
blood under great pressure
thicker, more muscular walls
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
venule
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
valve

23. Veins carry blood back to the heart.
blood under less pressure
thinner walls, larger diameter
valves prevent backflow
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
venule
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
valve

24. Capillaries move blood between veins, arteries, and cells.
ARTERY
VEIN
CAPILLARIES
arteriole
endothelium
connective tissue
smooth muscle
venule
valve

25. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against artery walls.
systolic pressure: left ventricle contracts
diastolic pressure: left ventricle relaxes
High blood pressure can precede a heart attack or stroke.

26. Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases.
Some choices lead to an increased risk of circulatory diseases.
smoking
long-term stress
excessive weight
lack of exercise
diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fats

27. Circulatory diseases affect mainly the heart and the arteries.
artery walls become thick and inflexible
plaque blocks blood flow in arteries

28. KEY CONCEPT 30.5 Blood is a complex tissue that transports materials.

29. Blood is composed mainly of cells, cell fragments, and plasma.
Whole blood is made up of different materials.
plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells,
white blood cells,
and platelets
plasma

30. Plasma is a key factor in maintaining homeostasis.
molecules diffuse into and out of plasma
contains proteins that stabilize blood volume
contains clotting factors
contains immune proteins

31. Platelets and different types of blood cells have different functions.
The bone marrow manufactures most of the blood components.
red blood cell
platelet
white blood cell

32. Red blood cells make up 40-45 % of all blood cells.
transport oxygen to cells and carry away carbon dioxide
have no nuclei and contain hemoglobin

33. White blood cells fight pathogens and destroy foreign matter.
red blood cell
platelet
white blood cell

34. Protein markers define blood types and Rh factors.
ABO blood group the most common
Rh factor can be negative or positive
blood types must be compatible for transfusions

35. Platelets help form clots that control bleeding.
fibrin
red blood cell
white blood cell

36. KEY CONCEPT 30.6 The lymphatic system provides another type of circulation in the body.

37. The lymphatic system collects fluid that leaks out of the capillaries.
Lymph is collected from tissues and returned to the circulatory system.
heart
lymph nodes
lymph vessels
The lymphatic system collects fluid that leaks out of the capillaries.
Lymph vessels have valves to prevent backflow.
Lymph nodes filter the lymph and destroy foreign matter.
Lymph vessels return cleaned fluid to the circulatory system.
If lymph vessels or nodes are damaged, lymph collects in an area.

38. The lymphatic system is a major part of the immune system.
tonsils
thymus
spleen
Structures in the lymphatic system help fight disease.
tonsils filter bacteria and viruses
thymus develops white blood cells
spleen filters lymph, contains immune cells
Lymphocytes help destroy pathogens, parasites, and foreign matter.