1. Levels of Organisation Name the 10 organ systems

2. Components of the Circulatory System 1. Blood Plasma : Aqueous solution containing minerals, vitamins, glucose and proteins eg clotting agents. 2. Blood Cells : Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, Platelets. 3. Heart : A “pump” 4. Blood Vessels : Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

3. Capillary “Bed” / Complex

4. Roles of the Cardiovascular System 1.Transport : a) Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide b) Waste materials eg Urea c) Hormones “Chemical Messengers” d) Nutrients 2. Thermoregulation : a) Vasoconstriction b) Vasodilation 3.Body Defence a) Blood Clotting b) Leucocytes (Phagocytes) c) Immune Response

5. Double Circulation Single Circulation

6. Circulatory System

7. Differential Diagnosis : Haematology Test HCT : % RBC in a blood sample HGB : Hamoglobin in a sample of blood MCV : RBC Volume (volume of the individual RBC) eg Low = iron deficiency MCHC : Concentration of haemoglobin in a blood cell

8. Blood Biochemistry BUN : Blood Urea Nitrogen - High = Kidney damage ALKP, GGT : Liver enzymes - High – Liver damage. Albumen (ALB) : Blood protein made by the liver – Low – Liver damage.

9. Digestive System

10. Absorption

11. Endocrine Glands Name the other Endocrine Glands What is homeostatic Regulation?

12. What is the role of the lymph nodes? How are the lymph and digestive systems linked? Lymphatic System

13. The Formation of Lymph at a Capillary Bed

14. Palpable Lymph Nodes

15. Voluntary Muscle What other names are used for voluntary muscle? Distinguish between a ligament and a tendon?

16. What type of muscle produces waves of contraction to push food down the oesophagus? Name the third type of muscle.

17. The Nervous System When the dog treads on a soft, unknown object, how does the nervous system determine the animal’s response?

18. The Neuron Node of Ranvier Schwann Cell What is the direction of the electrical impulse ?

19. Reproductive System What is the major difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

20. What do these species have in common ?

21. Respiratory System What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ?

22. How does the sperm whale remain submerged for up to one hour with out running out of oxygen ?

23. Urinary System Describe the location of the kidneys? Why are the kidneys not symmetrical? Urethra

24. The Integumentary System