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The Circulatory System
A bloody business The Circulatory System Prof. Luigi García Saavedra
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Functions Transport of oxygen and nutrients
Removal of wastes from tissues Carry elements of the immune system Regulates temperature Transport of hormones
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The Heart
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Structure Tissue: Cardiac muscle (Myocardium)
4 chambers, separated by the Septum: 2 upper chambers: Atria 2 lower chambers: Ventricles
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2 pumps – 2 circulations: Pulmonary (Right heart)
Systemic (Left heart)
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The Valves of the Heart Right Atrium TRICUSPID VALVE Right Ventricle
Left Atrium MITRAL VALVE Left Ventricle
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Other valves Pulmonary Valve: Right ventricle-Pulmonary artery
Aortic Valve: Left ventricle-Aorta Valves in veins
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The Hearts´s Blood Supply
Coronary Arteries (branch from the Aorta)
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Pulmonary Circulation
Inferior vena cava and Superior vena cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle (Tricuspid Valve) Pulmonary artery (Pulmonary Valve) Lungs
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Systemic Circulation Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium
Left Ventricle (Mitral Valve) Aorta (Aortic Valve) Tisssues
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Heartbeat Atrial contract Ventricle contract Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
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End of Class 1
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Blood Vessels
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Blood Pressure When the heart contracts, a wave of fluid pressure in the arteries (blood pressure) The elasticity of the arterial walls maintains the pressure.
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There are sensory receptors in blood vessels
High blood pressure: Autonomic nervous system releases neurotransmitters that relax the smooth muscles in blood vessel walls Kidneys also help regulate blood pressure by regulating the level of water in the blood in response to hormones released by the heart and other organs
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The Blood
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Proteins of the Blood Albumin and Globulins: transport substances like fatty acids, hormones and vitamins Albumin: regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume Globulins: some of them fight viral infections Fibrinogen: necessary for blood clotting
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Erythrocytes
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The Lymphatic System
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The Lymphatic System Network of vessels, nodes and organs that collects the lymph that leaves capillaries, “screens” ir for microorganisms and returns it to the circulatory system Lymph: fluid that leaves the blood and goes in between the cells, carrying nutrients, dissolved oxygen, salts, etc.
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Role in Circulation Role in Nutrient Absorption Role in Immunity
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End of Class 2
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Diseases of The Circulatory System
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End of Circulatory System
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