1. John Newbery 1713-1767 By Mina Golubovich

2. Time Period  during the Enlightenment: fresh attitudes of human aspirations and human capabilities =attitudes towards children, reorientation of daily life (esp. that of the family), happiness  Changes in viewing children: -NOT inherently evil, adult duties and responsibilities to children  Opportunity

3. Background  Born July 9th, 1713  Lived during the height of the Enlightenment  English publisher and bookseller  One of the first, if not the first, to introduce children’s books for pleasure as well as instruction  very intelligent and exploitive of the new market  determined: advertised his books in every possible way

4. Life  Established a book-shop in London in 1743  First book: A Little Pretty Pocket Book  Hired writers to write for him (such as Oliver Goldsmith) as well as writing himself

5. Publications  Other works:  Mother Goose’s Melody  The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes  The Entertaining History of Tommy Gingerbread a Little Boy who Lived Upon Learning  The Newtonian System of Philosophy Adapted to the Capacities of Young Gentlemen and Ladies: Tom Telescope

6. Accomplishments  Large profits: -great demands -cheap publication: used Dutch floral paper as covers and gilt edges  Combined imagination with concrete knowledge  First to make children’s literature profitable in the literary realm of the market

7. Tom Telescope  Series of books  Six lectures  Verified how the Enlightenment was spreading and its greater publication  Very significant because it gives a SIMPLE outline on some of the most COMPLEX attitudes of the universe and man’s place in it  Lockian philosophy and Newtonian attitudes of the Scientific Revolution: “the 5 senses”  Compassionate humanity  Huge success: believed to have sold 25,000- 30,000 copies between 1760-1800

8. Captions: “written” by Tom Telescope

9. Other works…  Regarded moral tales  Taught moral lessons: early acts of cruelty hint at an evil child (such as breaking eggs, killing birds, ect.)  Proper acts of charity and kindness will be followed with social rewards

10. Influence  Allowed children to gain a new insight into a developing and changing world  Widening intellect of middle- and lower- class children  Self-improvement and amusement  Natural philosophy and basic “physics, astronomy, geography, natural history and philosophy”: presented/explained

11. Mirroring the Enlightenment  New desire to entertain, delight, nurture, and love children  Compassion and emphasis on education  Liberal towards children  Publicized science and philosophy (one of the main goals of Enlightenment)  Search for success (personal achievement) and profit

12. Legacy  In 1921, Frederic Melcher established the Newbery Medal in honor of John Newbery’s lasting influence  Presented by the American Library Association that recognizes the greatest children’s book of the year

13. Bibliography  "John Newbery." L390 Children's Literature. Indiana University. 16 Nov. 2008.  "John Newbery." Wikipedia. 26 Oct. 2008. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 16 Nov. 2008.  Kishlansky, Mark, Patrick Geary, and Patricia O’Brien. Civilization in the West. New York, San Fransisco, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006.  "Newbery, John." Infoplease. 2007. Columbia University Press. 16 Nov. 2008.  Plumb, J.H. "The Commercialization of Childhood." Horizon. 1976. 62-66.

14. Thank You!