1. Michael Eumann EUWA Water Treatment Plants 3 rd Iberoamerican VLB Symposium Petropolis Brazil 18-21 Jun 2012 NEW WAYS TO REDUCE WATER FOOTPRINT IN FRESH WATER TREATMENT

2. Agenda Development of Water Treatment in Breweries Sustainability Conventional Lime Precipitation Ultrafiltration Liquick Revese Osmosis Combining Reverse Osmosis and Liquick Test results

3. Brew Water Treatment  Changes in ionic composition of brew water, primarily removal of bicarbonates, was the aim already in the early days of industrial brewing.  Today mainly three different major methods are used in breweries for changing the ionic composition of the brew water: From the oldest to the newest:  Lime precipitation (LP),  Ion exchange (IX) and  Reverse osmosis (RO).

4. Brew Water Treatment in the Historical Context Market Share Year 2000 1900 1950 19751925 2025 ? Lime precipitation Ion exchange Reverse osmosis

5. Sustainability WATER FOOT PRINT ENERGYCHEMICALS Lime precipitationlow low - medium (Ca(OH) 2 ) Ion exchangemediumlowhigh (typically HCl) Reverse osmosishigh low (antiscalant, acid)

6. Lime: Ca(OH) 2 Lime (Ca(OH) 2 )  is a natural product,  is non-toxic.  CaCO 3 from lime precipitation can be easily used in other industries or even be recycled. Limestone quarray near Orosei, Sardinia (picture by Michael J. Zirbes; taken from www.de.wikipedia.org) Pamukkale, Turkey (picture by Mila Zinkova; taken from www.de.wikipedia.org)

7. Conventional Lime Precipitation Addition of lime (Ca(OH) 2 ): Main reaction: Ca 2+ + 2 HCO 3 - + Ca 2+ + 2 OH -  2 CaCO 3 + 2 H 2 O Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 can only be removed as Mg(OH) 2, which requires higher pH-values  two-stage lime precipitation (system Morgenstern).

8. Since 1965 ONE-STAGE LIME PRECIPITATION Raw water Lime milk Reactor 1 Lime water Sand filter Brew water

9. Since 1965 Mg(HCO 3 ) 2 + 2Ca(OH) 2 => 2CaCO 3 + Mg(OH) 2 + 2H 2 O TWO-STAGE LIME PRECIPITATION

10. Conventional Lime Precipitation Large footprint due to: Lime saturators Reactor(s).

11. Ultrafiltration  Ensures filtrate is free of particles, turbidity even under fluctuating flow conditions.  Takes out bacteria and viruses.  Ideal for surface water (e.g. river, lake) or as pretreatment for RO.

12. ELIWA Water source Lime milk Saturated Lime Water Membrane filtration system Lime Water Storage

13. ELIWA  Replaces lime saturators.  Small footprint.  Provides clear and saturated lime water of constant quality.

14. LIQUICK

15.  Replaces reactor(s).  Small footprint.  Provides clear, decarbonized brew water of constant quality.

16. REVERSE OSMOSIS  Effective membrane deminerlisation by using high pressure  Low chemical consumption  Permeate (RO recovery) typically 70-90%

17. Test Results RO Raw Water90% Recovery Turbidity NTU0.270.18 pH7.887.47 Conductivity µs/cm 33725 Total Hardness ppm CaCO3 1574 m-alkalinity ppm CaCO3 13010 Sodium ppm105 Chloride ppm81

18. Combining RO and LIQUICK LIQUICK RO Raw water Brew water

19. Test Results The tests to treat the concentrate of the RO were performed at recovery rates of 92, 94 and 98%. Key water parameters were analyzed.

20. Test Results RO-LQ Permeate RECOVERY RATE 92%94%98% Turbidity NTU0.090.150.18 pH5.625.475.41 Conductivity µs/cm 293138 Total Hardness ppm CaCO3 457 m-alkalinity ppm CaCO3 898 Sodium ppm776 Chloride ppm222

21. Test Results 98%!!!!

22. Summary and Outlook It has been clearly demonstrated that the combination of RO and LIQUICK is a very promising combination to significantly reduce the water footprint of RO, the most widely used water treatment system in breweries today, way beyond levels previously seemed possible. Further research and tests with different water qualities will be done in the near future. There is lots of potential!

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