1. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR1 NASA/GSFC Building 2, Room 24 9 AM EDT, 22 August 2002 HET Overview and Software Requirements Tycho von Rosenvinge HET On-Board Processing Tycho von Rosenvinge Data Formatting / PH SamplingDon Reames SIT On-Board Processing Glenn Mason Flight Software Design Tom Nolan GSE Software Suite Tom Nolan & Kristin Wortman

2. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR2 HET Overview and Software Requirements Tycho von Rosenvinge Donald Reames 22 August 2002

3. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR3 Personnel GSFC Bob Baker, Electronics Engineer, CPU24 Design, baker@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov baker@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov Phong Le, Programmer, CPU24 software development environment Tom Nolan, Programmer, On-board Software, tnolan@phillips.exeter.edu Don Reames, Scientist, GSFC Software Lead, reames@lheavx.gsfc.nasa.gov reames@lheavx.gsfc.nasa.gov Larry Ryan, Electronics Engineer, HET Electronics, larry@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Tycho von Rosenvinge, Scientist, HET Design, tycho@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov tycho@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Kristin Wortman, Programmer, On-board & GSE Software, wortman@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov wortman@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov U of MD Glenn Mason, Scientist, Overall SIT Design, mason@sampex3.umd.edumason@sampex3.umd.edu Mihir Desai, Scientist, SIT Data Analysis, desai@uleis.umd.edu Joe Dwyer, Scientist, On-board Software, Florida Institute of Technology Peter Walpole, SIT Electronics Engineer, walpole@sampex.umd.eduwalpole@sampex.umd.edu

4. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR4 Relevant Documents STEREO HET CPU24 Flight Software Requirements Document STEREO SIT CPU24 Flight Software Requirements Document STEREO SEP LET and Central MISC Flight Processors Software Requirements Document STEREO SEP HET and SIT CPU24 Processors Flight Software Development Plan CPU24 MISC Documentation (Bob Baker) HET PHA Test Software (Tom Nolan) Serial Port Interface to TCP/IP (SPiT) Programmer’s Reference (Tom Nolan) Caltech PHA ASIC User’s Manual (Rick Cook) STEREO HET Telemetry Formatting (Don Reames) HET to SEP Central Interface Control Document (Caltech) STEREO MOC to POC and to STEREO Science Center ICD (APL)

5. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR5 Relevant Documents … Cont’d Many of the relevant documents and the PowerPoint presentations for this review may be found at http://epact2.gsfc.nasa.gov/STEREO/docs.html

6. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR6 OVERVIEW HET and SIT: parts of IMPACT Caltech PHA ASIC ASIC Test Chip CPU24 MISC High Energy Telescope (HET) GSE HET On-Board Processing HET Telemetry Formats SIT On-Board Processing Software Development Environment Software Design Test ASIC Support Software GSE

7. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR7 IMPACT Block Diagram

8. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR8 Overall SEP Block Diagram

9. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR9 Caltech PHA ASIC/Hybrid ASIC contains all front-end signal pulse processing electronics for silicon detectors in HET and LET. ASIC has 16 complete dual-gain PHA’s, each with: –Preamplifier, configurable to various detector capacitances and output ranges –Two complete shaping amplifier – linear gate – Wilkinson ADC chains, with combined dynamic range of 10,000 (full scale/threshold) –Programmable thresholds –Bias switching to enable or disable power –23-bit scalar for counting trigger rate. ASIC is mounted on a ceramic substrate with passive support components and installed in an 80-pin Kovar hybrid package ASIC designed by W.R. Cook / Cal Tech (LET Electronics Engineer)

10. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR10 Caltech PHA ASIC/Hybrid … Cont’d Multiple ASICs (if needed) are daisy-chained for commanding and data readout Sparse readout of PHAs and rate counters –only PHAs which have been triggered are read out –high gain PH is read out unless it has the maximum value, in which case the low gain PH is read out –token out is used to determine when the last pulse height has been read

11. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR11 Caltech ASIC Test Chip Testing of PHA ASIC for HET –Test bed supplied by Cal Tech includes ASIC and all support components, including CPU24 MISC, mounted on a PC board, but without the hybrid package –Software environment for testing is totally flight-like (commands, data, interrupts)

12. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR12 CPU24 MISC Minimal Instruction Set Computer –24 bit CPU core –Dual Stack Architecture Data Stack, 17 deep Return Stack, 33 deep –Four 6-bit instructions per word –Seven interrupts 3 UART, event, sec, min, ext –8 MHz Instruction Rate

13. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR13 HET ACTEL CHIP CPU24 Memory Interface –128K words SRAM (Honeywell HLX6228) –16 words on chip boot ROM Loads program via command UART UARTS –Command, Command Response, Data –57600 Baud Live Time Counter –15-bit prescaler of gated 32 MHz –16-bit Gray Code counter, counts units of 1.024 msec Sync Signal Interface –One second, one minute interrupts

14. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR14 HET ACTEL CHIP … Cont’d Interface to PHA ASIC –PHA Readout Sequencer –Test Pulse Frequency Generator –Coincidence Logic –ASIC Commanding

15. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR15 CPU24 Design Status CPU24 (v2) is based on Cal Tech MISC11 design –Data UART, live time counter, sync signal interface added Design coded in Verilog –Synthesized using Synplify Pro 6.2.4 –P&R using Actel Designer 4.0.4.4 –Usage: 81% of S cells, 65% of C cells of A54SX72A Running on Cal Tech Test Board Users Manual Written

16. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR16 HET Telescope Schematic

17. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR17 HET Performance Requirements

18. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR18 HET H1 Detector

19. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR19 HET Block Diagram

20. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR20 Y N N N Y Open Linear Gates, Clear Latches Increment Livetime Counter LLD OR? 0.5 usec window expired? Close Linear Gates, Strobe LLD Latches PH Conversion Complete? N Coincidence Valid? N Interrupt uP uP Done Reading PHA Data? Y Y HET Front-End Processing

21. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR21 Pulse Height Format from ASIC (LSB->MSB) struct COMP_PH { unsigned ph : 11; // bits 0-10 unsigned overflow : 1; // bit 11 unsigned reserved1 : 1; // bit 12 unsigned reserved2 : 1; // bit 13 unsigned lohigain : 1; // bit 14 unsigned pha_addr : 4; // bits 15-18 unsigned chip_addr : 4; // bits 19-22 unsigned token : 1; // bit 23 };

22. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR22 Top Level Requirements for HET CPU24 Code (1) Boot up CPU24 Download/decompress tables and CPU24 code from SEP Central EEPROM Receive Commands from SEP Central –Receive and handle commands to configure PH ASICS (846 bits each) –Receive and handle commands to patch RAM –Receive and handle TBD miscellaneous commands –Echo commands to SEP Central Read Hardware Rate Counters Read PH Events from ASICs Queue PH Events According to Types Process PH Events into Software Counters (on-board particle identification … described later) Identify High Rate Conditions (switch H1o to low gain only; switch back depending upon H1i rate; switch only on 1-minute boundaries)

23. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR23 Top Level Requirements for HET CPU24 Code (2) Acquire Housekeeping Data and Readout to SEP Central Generate On-board Pulser Events (set STIM bit) Write Out Telemetry Packets Once Per Minute –Selected PHs (compress 23 bit ASIC pulse height to 16 bits) –Software Counter Rates (24 to 16 bit rate compression) –Hardware Rates (24 to 16 bit rate compression) –Housekeeping –Beacon Data –Include Checksum for Each Packet SEP Central expects HET Data Packets Only During 100 ms Windows Following 1- Second Timer Pulses 0, 3, 6, …, 57 of Each Minute (0 or more packets per window; preferably spread out over 1 minute interval) Control Operational Heater?

24. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR24 Top Level Requirements for HET CPU24 Code (3) Background Tasks –STIM Pulser Sequence –Check checksums for on-board code and tables –Slow readout of on-board code and tables to the ground –Refresh PH ASIC command state once every minute ??? –Monitor each preamp output voltage and adjust leakage currents as necessary to keep in specified range HET is assigned 6 data packets (272 bytes each, including 12 bytes of CCSDS header) for readout once per minute. In addition, Beacon Data, Command Echoes, and Housekeeping Data are combined into corresponding SEP Central packets. HET Beacon Data: –protons: 13-30 Mev –protons: 30-50 MeV –protons: 50-100 MeV –He: 13-30 MeV/n

25. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR25 Interrupts 1-Second Interrupt –Increment second clock 1-Minute Interrupt (double pulse at 1-second interrupt) –Rate counters read out –PH event buffer formatted into science packets –End-Of-Frame flag set –Zero out counters –Clear event buffers and queues Serial Command In Interrupt –Read next command byte from command UART

26. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR26 Interrupts (cont’d) Serial Command Out Interrupt –Next byte received from command buffer –Transmit command responses (ASCII) Serial Data Out Interrupt –Send data byte to SEP Central MISC Pulse Height Analyzer Interrupt –pulse-height values for an event are read out using a 24-bit wide bus (the G-bus )

27. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR27 HET Counting Rates Proton Counting Rates Based Upon the 14 July 2000 Event Peak Intensity H1i Singles Rate17,000/sec H1i + H1o Singles Rate 100,000/sec H1i.H2 Coincidence Rate 1400/sec (H1i + H1o).H2 Coincidence Rate 8000/sec

28. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR28 HET Operation During High-Rate Periods Requirement: Provide composition and energy spectra measurements over conditions ranging from quiet-time to the largest solar events Issue: During very high-rate periods (e.g., peak of Bastille Day 2000 event) the single-detector count rates, especially on the front detector, will exceed 100,000/sec, swamping the system Approach (Similar to LET): H1 detector has bull's-eye design with smaller central area Collimation of H1 detector to shield against wide-angle protons Sides of telescope shielded to reduce H2 to H6 count rates Adjust threshold on H1o to reduce overall count rate while maintaining energy and species coverage

29. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR29 HET Operation During High-Rate Periods … Cont’d Threshold adjusted by disabling high-gain response of H1o and raising threshold of H1o low gain section to 20 MeV Adjustments controlled on-board by H1i count-rate (not adjusted) Implementation: H1o threshold raised from 0.2 to ~20 MeV when H1i singles rate reaches 4000 counts/second. Resume low rate configuration when H1i singles rate falls below 2000 counts/second.

30. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR30 HET GSE Configurations GSE to ASIC Test Board (GSFC) GSE to HET CPU24 (GSFC) GSE (via TCP/IP or data file) to S/C simulator to IDPU simulator to SEP Central to HET CPU24 (Caltech) GSE (via TCP/IP or data file) to IMPACT POC A or POC B to MOC to S/C to IDPU to SEP Central to HET CPU24 (APL and Post-launch)

31. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR31 Top Level requirements for HET GSE Code Boot ASIC Test MISC Boot HET CPU24 in Absence of SEP Central Upload on-board tables and HET Code in Absence of SEP Central (or to SEP Central) Provide User-Friendly Interface for Formatting ASIC Commands (846 bits each!) Send Commands via ASCII Hex; retain memory of current ASIC command state Send commands to patch HET RAM (also HET EEPROM??) Display PH Data Display STIM Event Data Display Rate Data –Decompress 16 bits to 24 bits

32. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR32 HET On-Board Particle Identification Tycho von Rosenvinge Donald Reames 22 August 2002

33. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR33 HET Simulations

34. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR34 HET Response

35. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR35 HET Composite Response (Delta E vs Residual E Plot) electrons protons 3 He 4 He Si C O N Fe

36. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR36 HET Composite Log Response electrons protons 3 He 4 He C N O Si Fe

37. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR37 CPU24 Processing Flow

38. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR38 Science Data Acquisition: Pulse Height Events Triggered by the PH interrupt PH events are queued into four different FIFOs: –Particles stopping in H1 (inner and outer) –Particles stopping in H2-H5 –Particles penetrating all of HET –PH events created by the on-board pulser (STIM events) Count number of pulse height events read into CPU24

39. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR39 HET Event Queuing Algorithm

40. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR40 Science Data Processing Select PH events from each class type queue Determine species and energy Increment the corresponding software rate counter Respond to the EOF reset –Reset software counters –Reset hardware counters –Clear event queues

41. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR41 HET On-Board Pulse Height Processing

42. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR42 Rate Counter Categories Total events processed (STIM events not included) Queued H1 events (inner and outer) Queued stopping events (H2-H5) Queued penetrating events (H1-H6) Invalid events –No H1 (inner or outer) –Incorrect ordering of pulse heights –Duplicate H1s –H1i and H1o Inconsistent Particle Type Counter –consistency check for particles reaching at least H3 –particle type should be same for H1 vs H2+H3+H4+H5 as for H2 vs H3+H4+H5 Singles Rates (counted in ASIC)

43. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR43 Science Event Data Processing Software count binning according to species and energy intervals 2 log lookup tables –Delta E –Residual E Memory required –log tables: 512 24-bit words * 2 tables = 1024 words –Processing and binning of each particle: SWCtr[128][128], PrtclType[64][64] (16,384 words + 4096 words = 20 KW) Penetrating Particles: TBD

44. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR44 Stopping Particles Species & Energy Intervals electrons: 0.7-1.4, 1.4-2.8, and 2.8-4.0 MeV 78 Stopping particle bins total, including 3 background bins

45. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR45 Software Development Approach Scientists provide algorithms in C code (HET) or FORTRAN (SIT) Scientists provide simulated data for testing on-board code Programmers translate C/FORTRAN to MISC assembly language Scientists/engineers/programmers test on-board software Test Plan/Problem Reporting and Tracking –See sections 3.7.2 and 3.7.4 of FSWDP Configuration Management (See section 3.7.3 of FSWDP)

46. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR46 Mapping PH Channels to Log Space PH = gain(channels/MeV) * Energy Loss (MeV) + Offset PHmin = gain *Emin + Offset, PHmax = gain * Emax + Offset Want to map interval Emin (MeV) - Emax(MeV) to Log2 interval 0 – 128; i.e. logch = a * log2(PH-Offset) + b 0 = a * log2(Emin) + b and 128 = a * log2(Emax) + b 0 = a * log2( (PHmin-Offset) / gain) + b 128 = a * log2( (PHmax-Offset) / gain) + b or logch = (4 * a * log2(PH-Offset) + 4 * b) >> 2, where a = 128 / log2( (PHmax – Offset) / (PHmin – Offset) ) b = - 128 * log2(PHmin – Offset) / log2((PHmax-Offset)/(PHmin-Offset))

47. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR47 HET On-Board Code Snippets - I // Code to Create On-board Table for Obtaining DeltaE Log Channel…only the table and bDeltaE are on-board #define TBLSZ 512 double log2(double x){ return log(x)/log(2.); } int roundoff(double x){ if(x>0.0) return (int)(x+0.5); else return (int)(x-0.5); } // Initialize Look-up Table: CDeltaE=roundoff(4.*Nlogchs/log2(DeltaEmax/DeltaEmin)); bDeltaE=roundoff(-4.*Nlogchs*log2(DeltaEphmin)/log2(DeltaEmax/DeltaEmin)); TableCDeltaElog2[0]=0; for(i=1;i<TBLSZ;i++) TableCDeltaElog2[i]=roundoff((double)CDeltaE*log2((double)i));

48. STEREO IMPACT HET/SIT Software Requirements and Design Review 22 August 2002 TvR48 HET On-Board Code Snippets - II // On-Board int CDeltaElog2(int ph) // note: ph is the ph one would have obtained if the entire dynamic range // were covered by a single PHA with gain equal to the high gain { int n=0; while(ph>TBLSZ-1) // need to hardcode TBLSZ-1 on-board to avoid repeated subtraction of 1 { ph>>=1; n+=CDeltaE; } return (TableCDeltaElog2[ph]+n); } // log compressed DeltaE channel by table lookup = (CDeltaElog2(DeltaEph)+bDeltaE)>>2