1. Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Body Fluids FINAL ROUND ElectrolytesAcid-BaseClinical FocusGrab Bag

2. Body Fluids: $100 Question This mechanism is the main regulator of water intake: a. amount of saliva being produced b. thirst c. small changes in ECF volume d. changes in ECF e. pH BACK TO GAME ANSWER

3. Body Fluids: $100 Answer This mechanism is the main regulator of water intake: a. amount of saliva being produced b. thirst c. small changes in ECF volume d. changes in ECF e. pH BACK TO GAME

4. Body Fluids: $200 Question The capillary endothelium separates these two body fluid compartments: a. ICF and ECF b. ICF and interstitial fluid c. cerebrospinal and brain tissue fluid d. plasma and interstitial fluid BACK TO GAME ANSWER

5. Body Fluids: $200 Answer The capillary endothelium separates these two body fluid compartments: a. ICF and ECF b. ICF and interstitial fluid c. cerebrospinal and brain tissue fluid d. plasma and interstitial fluid BACK TO GAME

6. Body Fluids: $300 Question Intracellular fluid: a. comprises a smaller percentage of body weight than extracellular fluid b. has a lower concentration of sodium ions than extracellular fluid c. has a lower concentration of potassium ions than extracellular fluid d. has a higher concentration of calcium ions than extracellular fluid BACK TO GAME ANSWER

7. Body Fluids: $300 Answer Intracellular fluid: a. comprises a smaller percentage of body weight than extracellular fluid b. has a lower concentration of sodium ions than extracellular fluid c. has a lower concentration of potassium ions than extracellular fluid d. has a higher concentration of calcium ions than extracellular fluid BACK TO GAME

8. Body Fluids: $400 Question A decrease in blood pressure has this effect: a. results in increased aldosterone secretion b. causes decreased ADH secretion c. inhibits sympathetic stimulation d. results in e. all of the above BACK TO GAME ANSWER

9. Body Fluids: $400 Answer A decrease in blood pressure has this effect: a. results in increased aldosterone secretion b. causes decreased ADH secretion c. inhibits sympathetic stimulation d. results in vasodilation e. all of the above BACK TO GAME

10. Body Fluids: $500 Question These statements about the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) are true except: a. it is stimulated by an increase in blood volume b. it decreases Na+ reabsorption c. decreases water loss d. decreases extracellular fluid volume BACK TO GAME ANSWER

11. Body Fluids: $500 Answer These statements about the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) are true except: a. it is stimulated by an increase in blood volume b. it decreases Na+ reabsorption c. decreases water loss d. decreases extracellular fluid volume BACK TO GAME

12. Electrolytes: $100 Question The following are electrolytes except: a. Na + b. Cl - c. H 2 O d. K + e. Ca 2+ BACK TO GAME ANSWER

13. Electrolytes: $100 Answer The following are electrolytes except: a. Na + b. Cl - c. H 2 O d. K + e. Ca 2+ BACK TO GAME

14. Electrolytes: $200 Question An increase in the ECF Na+ levels would cause this: a. red blood cells to swell b. Na + to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF c. water to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF d. water to shift out of the ECF and into the ICF BACK TO GAME ANSWER

15. Electrolytes: $200 Answer An increase in the ECF Na+ levels would cause this: a. red blood cells to swell b. Na + to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF c. water to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF d. water to shift out of the ECF and into the ICF BACK TO GAME

16. Electrolytes: $300 Question ECF calcium levels are mainly regulated by this hormone: a. aldosterone b. antidiuretic hormone c. parathyroid hormone d. atrial natriuretic hormone BACK TO GAME ANSWER

17. Electrolytes: $300 Answer ECF calcium levels are mainly regulated by this hormone: a. aldosterone b. antidiuretic hormone c. parathyroid hormone d. atrial natriuretic hormone BACK TO GAME

18. Electrolytes: $400 Question 85% of phosphate in the body is found in the form of calcium phosphate salts in the bones and teeth. True/False BACK TO GAME ANSWER

19. Electrolytes: $400 Answer 85% of phosphate in the body is found in the form of calcium phosphate salts in the bones and teeth. True/False BACK TO GAME

20. Electrolytes: $500 Question Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by angiotensin II and this: a. elevated blood Na + ion levels b. decreased blood Cl - ion levels c. elevated blood K + ion levels d. decreased blood Ca 2+ ion levels e. elevated blood pressure BACK TO GAME ANSWER

21. Electrolytes: $500 Answer Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by angiotensin II and this: a. elevated blood Na + ion levels b. decreased blood Cl - ion levels c. elevated blood K + ion levels d. decreased blood Ca 2+ ion levels e. elevated blood pressure BACK TO GAME

22. Acid-Base: $100 Question This statement best describes an acid: a. releases H+ when it dissociates b. combines with H+ when added to a solution c. increases the pH of the solution d. releases OH- when it dissociates BACK TO GAME ANSWER

23. Acid-Base: $100 Answer This statement best describes an acid: a. releases H+ when it dissociates b. combines with H+ when added to a solution c. increases the pH of the solution d. releases OH- when it dissociates BACK TO GAME

24. Acid-Base: $200 Question Respiratory regulation of pH depends upon this mechanism: a. carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system b. phosphate buffer system c. protein buffer system BACK TO GAME ANSWER

25. Acid-Base: $200 Answer Respiratory regulation of pH depends upon this mechanism: a. carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system b. phosphate buffer system c. protein buffer system BACK TO GAME

26. Acid-Base: $300 Question An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a(n) ____________ in H + and a(n) ____________ in blood pH. a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, increase d. decrease, decrease BACK TO GAME ANSWER

27. Acid-Base: $300 Answer An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a(n) ____________ in H + and a(n) ____________ in blood pH. a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, increase d. decrease, decrease BACK TO GAME

28. Acid-Base: $400 Question If the pH of the blood decreases, the pH of the urine will: a. decrease b. increase c. be unaffected BACK TO GAME ANSWER

29. Acid-Base: $400 Answer If the pH of the blood decreases, the pH of the urine will: a. decrease b. increase c. be unaffected BACK TO GAME

30. Acid-Base: $500 Question Hyperventilation due to emotions causes: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME ANSWER

31. Acid-Base: $500 Answer Hyperventilation due to emotions causes: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME

32. Clinical Focus: $100 Question Hypocalcemia has this symptom: a. anorexia b. constipation c. fatigue d. muscle spasms e. kidney stones BACK TO GAME ANSWER

33. Clinical Focus: $100 Answer Hypocalcemia has this symptom: a. anorexia b. constipation c. fatigue d. muscle spasms e. kidney stones BACK TO GAME

34. Clinical Focus: $200 Question This best describes a diuretic: a. substance that causes water retention b. a substance that causes increased urine production c. a drug that may be administered in order to prevent water excretion in the urine d. a drug that may be administered in order to reduce water loss through sweating BACK TO GAME ANSWER

35. Clinical Focus: $200 Answer This best describes a diuretic: a. substance that causes water retention b. a substance that causes increased urine production c. a drug that may be administered in order to prevent water excretion in the urine d. a drug that may be administered in order to reduce water loss through sweating BACK TO GAME

36. Clinical Focus: $300 Question Hyposecretion of ADH causes this: a. hypercalcemia b. hyponatremia c. diabetes mellitus d. diabetes insipidus BACK TO GAME ANSWER

37. Clinical Focus: $300 Answer Hyposecretion of ADH causes this: a. hypercalcemia b. hyponatremia c. diabetes mellitus d. diabetes insipidus BACK TO GAME

38. Clinical Focus: $400 Question Reduced elimination of CO 2 from the body results in this: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME ANSWER

39. Clinical Focus: $400 Answer Reduced elimination of CO 2 from the body results in this: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME

40. Clinical Focus: $500 Question These are all causes of metabolic acidosis except: a. vomiting of intestinal contents b. untreated diabetes mellitus c. heart failure d. ingestion of sodium bicarbonate e. ingestion of aspirin BACK TO GAME ANSWER

41. Clinical Focus: $500 Answer These are all causes of metabolic acidosis except: a. vomiting of intestinal contents b. untreated diabetes mellitus c. heart failure d. ingestion of sodium bicarbonate e. ingestion of aspirin BACK TO GAME

42. Grab Bag: $100 Question Loss of a large volume of sweat results in the body fluids becoming __________ which causes __________ in plasma volume. a. hypertonic, a decrease b. hypertonic, an increase c. isotonic, no change d. hypotonic, a decrease e. hypotonic, an increase BACK TO GAME ANSWER

43. Grab Bag: $100 Answer Loss of a large volume of sweat results in the body fluids becoming __________ which causes __________ in plasma volume. a. hypertonic, a decrease b. hypertonic, an increase c. isotonic, no change d. hypotonic, a decrease e. hypotonic, an increase BACK TO GAME

44. Grab Bag: $200 Question This normally represents the SMALLEST source of water loss from the body: a. evaporation b. feces c. sensible and insensible perspiration d. urine BACK TO GAME ANSWER

45. Grab Bag: $200 Answer This normally represents the SMALLEST source of water loss from the body: a. evaporation b. feces c. sensible and insensible perspiration d. urine BACK TO GAME

46. Grab Bag: $300 Question The reaction between CO 2 and H 2 O is catalyzed by this: a. angiotensin-converting enzyme b. carbonic anhydrase c. sodium bicarbonate d. phosphate e. carbonic acid BACK TO GAME ANSWER

47. Grab Bag: $300 Answer The reaction between CO 2 and H 2 O is catalyzed by this: a. angiotensin-converting enzyme b. carbonic anhydrase c. sodium bicarbonate d. phosphate e. carbonic acid BACK TO GAME

48. Grab Bag: $400 Question This substance is necessary for the transport of Ca 2+ ions across the wall of the intestinal tract: a. Calcitonin b. PTH c. Aldosterone d. Angiotensin II e. Vitamin D BACK TO GAME ANSWER

49. Grab Bag: $400 Answer This substance is necessary for the transport of Ca 2+ ions across the wall of the intestinal tract: a. Calcitonin b. PTH c. Aldosterone d. Angiotensin II e. Vitamin D BACK TO GAME

50. Grab Bag: $500 Question The major effect of acidosis is the __________ of the nervous system, whereas a major effect of alkalosis is __________ of the nervous system. a. depression, hyperexcitability b. hyperexcitability, depression BACK TO GAME ANSWER

51. Grab Bag: $500 Answer The major effect of acidosis is the __________ of the nervous system, whereas a major effect of alkalosis is __________ of the nervous system. a. depression, hyperexcitability b. hyperexcitability, depression BACK TO GAME

52. FINAL ROUND Question Swifty Trotts has an Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection that produces severe diarrhea and causes metabolic acidosis. The following effects are observed: a. blood pH decreases b. increased respiratory rate to combat the acidosis c. H+ are secreted into the urine d. a and b only e. all of these BACK TO GAME ANSWER

53. FINAL ROUND Answer Swifty Trotts has an Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection that produces severe diarrhea and causes metabolic acidosis. The following effects are observed: a. blood pH decreases b. increased respiratory rate to combat the acidosis c. H+ are secreted into the urine d. a and b only e. all of these BACK TO GAME