1. Chapter 8 Water and Minerals
Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Sizer/Whitney

2. Introduction
Minerals
Major
Trace
Water
Most indispensable nutrient

3. Minerals in a 60-Kilogram (132-Pound) Person (Grams)

4. Water Makes up about 60 percent of a person’s weight Roles Solvent
Cleansing agent
Lubrication and cushion
Coolant

5. Body’s Water Balance Water balance Body water varies by pounds
Dehydration
Thirst
Signs
Groups at risk
Water intoxication
Body water varies by pounds
Thirst and satiety govern water intake
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, kidneys

6. Water Balance – A Typical Example

7. U.S. Fluid Sources

8. Safety and Sources of Drinking Water
Public water
Removal of many hazards
Disinfectants
Testing and reporting
Chlorination and cancer
Water sources
Surface water
Groundwater

9. Bottled Water Regulation and safety BPA IBWA trademark
Sales across state lines
Standards
Less rigid than those for tap water
BPA
IBWA trademark
Water for nutrition’s sake
Fluoride

10. Body Fluids and Minerals
Water follows salt
Electrolytes
Water flows toward greater concentration
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Causes of imbalance
Acid-base balance
Hydrogen
Buffers

11. A Bone

12. Calcium Bone and tooth formation Hydroxyapatite
Fluorapatite
Bone and tooth turnover

13. Calcium In body fluids Calcium balance 1 percent of body’s calcium
Roles
Blood calcium is tightly controlled
Calcium balance
Skeleton serves as a calcium bank
Bone density
Organs

14. Bone Throughout Life

15. Calcium Snapshot

16. Phosphorus Second most abundant mineral in body Roles in the body
Majority found in bones with calcium
Roles in the body
Recommendations
Deficiencies are unlikely
Food sources

17. Phosphorus Snapshot

18. Magnesium “Major mineral” Bones and kidneys Roles in the body
Dietary requirement
Bones and kidneys
Roles in the body
Works with calcium
Deficiency
Toxicity
Recommendations

19. Magnesium Snapshot

20. Sodium Roles Deficiency “Water Weight” Recommendations
Major part of fluid and electrolyte balance
Acid-base balance
Deficiency
“Water Weight”
Recommendations
Intakes

21. Sodium Blood pressure Controlling salt intakes Hypertension
Measures
Types
Sodium intakes increases blood pressure
Heart damage
DASH diet
Controlling salt intakes

22. How to Cut Sodium from a Barbeque Lunch

23. Potassium Positively charge ion inside the cells Roles Deficiency
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Heartbeat
Deficiency
Dehydration
Toxicity
Recommendations

24. Potassium Snapshot

25. Iodine Body’s work is done by iodide Roles Deficiency Toxicity
Thyroxine
Deficiency
Goiter
Cretinism
Toxicity
Food sources

26. Iron Every living cell contains iron Two proteins Roles Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Roles
Carry oxygen
Make new cells, amino acids, hormones, & neurotransmitters

27. Iron Iron stores Absorbing iron A mineral to be hoarded Iron losses
Special proteins transport and store iron
Absorbing iron
Forms of iron in food
MFP factor
Impairing iron absorption

28. Normal and Anemic Blood Cells

29. Iron Snapshot

30. Zinc Works with proteins in every organ Expression of deficiency
Roles
Expression of deficiency
Groups at greatest risk for deficiency
Vegetarians

31. Zinc Snapshot

32. Fluoride Not essential to life Roles in the body Deficiency Toxicity
Dental decay
Toxicity
Fluorosis
Sources

33. U.S. Population with Access to Fluoridated Water Through Public Water Systems

34. Food Sources of Calcium in the U.S. Diet

35. Calcium Absorption from Food Sources