1. 18.1 Imperialism and America
1. Global competition
2. Desire for military strength
Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
Americans believed in imperialism with the idea of manifest destiny.
3 factors fueled American imperialism
desire for military strength
thirst for new markets
belief in cultural superiority
Other countries started to build up their military so the US followed suit
Built up the US navy in 7yrs to become the 3rd largest in the world
13A

2. US NAVY

3. Great White Fleet’s Route

4. 3. Thirst for new markets
4. Belief in cultural superiority
5. Cry for annexation
US was overproducing certain goods so they looked to other countries for trade
US believed in Social Darwinism - belief in a cultural, racial, and religious superiority over weaker countries
Hawaii produced the main sugar supply for the US in 1875 b/c it was duty (tax) free
McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked the duty free status of Hawaii which meant Hawaii now faced competition in the US market
US then pressured Hawaii to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor 6A

5. 6. End of a monarchy
US ambassador overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and setup a govt. run by Senator Dole
President Cleveland recognized the republic of Hawaii but refused annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians wanted it
1898 congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory

6. 18.2 The Spanish-American War
7. American interest in Cuba
8. Propaganda Journalism
1854 President Franklin Pierce tried to buy Cuba from Spain, but they refused
US helped Cuba to fight for freedom from Spain in the 1890s
Yellow journalism – style of propaganda that American journalist used to show the brutality of the Spanish to Cubans.
8A / 7D

7. Yellow Journalism

10. 9. The De Lome letter 10. USS Maine explodes
11. War in the Philippines
De Lome letter criticized the American president and made more Americans sympathize with the Cubans
Ship blew up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba
260 men killed
No one knows why the ship exploded
Newspapers claimed that the Spanish blew up the ship
1st battle of the Spanish-American War was fought on the Philippine Islands
George Dewey with American troops and Filipino rebels fought for the independence of the Philippines
Spain surrendered

11. 2D / 8D 12. The war in the Caribbean 13. Rough Riders
14. Treaty of Paris
15. Debate over treaty
US placed a blockade on Cuba
US army was weak
Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry under the command of Teddy Roosevelt
Battle of San Juan Hill – famous victory of Roosevelt’s Rough Riders which led to the American victory in Cuba
US + Spain signed an armistice
Treaty of Paris – Spain freed Cuba and turned over Guam + Puerto Rico to the US
Spain also sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million
Debate over if the US had the right to annex the Philippines
Congress approved the annexation of the Philippines
2D / 8D

12. Rough Riders

13. 18.3 Acquiring New Lands 16. Return to civil govt.
17. American control of Cuba
Foraker act- ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil govt.
Act gave power to the US presidents to appoint governors and members of the upper house
Gave the right for Puerto Ricans to be US citizens
US gained a share of control in Cuba, but did not govern it as a colony
Teller Amendment: prohibited annexation of Cuba
US provided food, clothing, gave people land, and organized schools

14. 4D 18. Platt Amendment 19. Philippine-American war
20. Aftermath of the war
Cuba wrote its own constitution
Since they did not specify a relationship with the US, the US added the Platt amendment
Cuba could not make treaties that limited its independence
Cuba was not to go into debt
US could buy or lease land for naval stations (Guantanamo Bay)
Cuba was a US Protectorate- a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
Filipinos rose up against the US
US had harsh control over the Island and killed many Filipinos
Set up a govt. similar to that in Puerto Rico
Philippines would eventually become an independent republic 4D

15. 21. John Hay’s open door notes
22. Boxer rebellion in China
23. Why America fought in China
Letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US
No single nation would have a monopoly
Created an open door policy with China
Europeans dominate China’s trade
Boxers were anti-Christian and anti- European
Army of foreign troops (including US troops) fought against and ended the rebellion
US pledged to protect Chinese trade
US was dependent on exports
US had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign market open
They feared that the closing of an area to American products, citizens, or ideas could threatened the economy 3A

16. 18.4 America as a World Power
24. Roosevelt the peacemaker
25. Panama Canal
Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War
Won the Nobel Peace Prize
US needed a canal that cut across Central America
US had to get permission from Colombia who ruled Panama
This resulted in a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia
11A

17. Roosevelt in Latin America

18. 26. Constructing the canal
27. Roosevelt Corollary
28. Dollar Diplomacy
29. Moral Diplomacy
(Missionary Diplomacy)
Cost 380 million dollars (billions today)
Took ten years to build the canal
Roosevelt Corollary- US would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America from European nations
Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use military force
Was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
Using the US govt. to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business (Taft)
Moral obligation- US was to promote moral progress in world. (Wilson)