1. Endocrine System Kara Robbins

2. Function System of glands, each of which secretes different types of hormones directly into the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis

3. Homeostasis What is it? - Internal balance - Tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements Relation to ES - Endocrine System produces hormones that maintain homeostasis

4. Negative Feedback Mechanism - Self-regulating responses to changes experienced by an organism or system - feed some of the output of these changes back into the system to trigger counter-responses which result in restoring the system to its previous undisturbed state, or mitigating the effects of the initial change Sweat Gland - Negative feedback mechanism - Releases sweat to help cool body and maintain homeostasis

6. Cell Signaling Mechanism Hormones - Produced by endocrine cells and travel through blood to reach all parts of the body Insulin - Stimulates glucose and fatty acid uptake into adipose cells, causing triglyceride synthesis - When present rapidly stimulates glucose transport - Needed to convert starch, sugars, and other food into daily energy

7. Type I Diabetes - Body does not produce insulin - Symptoms: - Increased thirst and frequent urination - Extreme hunger - Fatigue - Blurred vision - Usually diagnosed in children and young adults - Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form - Treatment: - Taking insulin - Exercising regularly - Eating healthy foods - Monitoring blood sugar

8. Type II Diabetes - Body does not produce enough insulin or cells ignore the insulin - Symptoms: - Increased thirst and frequent urination - Increase hunger - Weight loss - Fatigue - Blurred vision - Slow-healing sores or frequent infections - Areas of darkened skin - Occurs in million of Americans - More common in Native Americans, Latinos, African Americans, and Asian Americans - Treatment: - Blood sugar monitoring - Healthy eating - Exercising regularly - Diabetes medication or insulin therapy

9. Cushing’s Syndrome - Occurs when body is exposed to high levels of hormone cortisol for a long time - Symptoms: - Weight gain - Pink or purple stretch marks - Thinning, fragile skin - Slow healing cuts - Acne - 2-4 cases per million people per year - Treatment: - Reducing corticosteroid use - Surgery - Radiation therapy - Medications