1. Cyclic Technologies™ Bicycle Anti-lock Braking System ENSC 440/ 305 Fall 2008

2. Team Organization Milad Gougani Project Manager Zachary Blair Software Engineer Amir Tavakoli Quality Assurance Engineer Datis Danesh Electronics Engineer Rahm Lavon Mechanical Engineer

3. Project First generation of smart bicycles Hydraulic ABS equipped Advanced features  Interactive menu  Speedometer  Odometer

4. Motivation Transport Canada recorded 60 bicyclist fatalities and thousands of bicyclist injuries in 2001 [1] Helmets are used to protect cyclists in the event of an accident, but keeping safe on a bike is largely about avoiding accidents in the first place  need for safety Bicycle is one of the few vehicles on the road with no or little improvement since its invention Market potential (one-of-a-kind system)  an opportunity to make money

5. Overview System Overview Speed Sensor Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU) Business Case Conclusion

6. System Overview [2]

7. System Overview

8. Speed Sensor - Hardware No power consumption !

9. Speed Sensor - Software distance time Speed = distance time

10. Speed Sensor – alternatives Hall effect sensor a transducer that varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field Optical sensor a light-emitting diode illuminating a phototransistor

11. ECU - Hardware Data Acquisition processing the sensor signal Brake Actuation driving Hydraulic Control Unit User Interface interfacing the system with the user

12. Data Acquisition A/D is done by utilizing a comparator (Schmitt trigger)  more stable switching against rapid triggering by noise

13. Brake Actuation interfacing HCU (pump/valve) to the microcontroller

14. Brake Actuation

15. ECU – Hardware cont’d Atmel ATmega 162 microcontroller 16 kB of program memory. ~ 40% used 4 timers, input capture, PWM EEPROM for storing config HD44780 LCD display Industry standard controller

16. User Interface interfacing information to the user

17. ECU - Software Brake Actuation implementing control algorithm User Interface interfacing information to the LCD

18. Brake Actuation

19. User Interface

20. User Interface Features Menu-driven interface with softkeys Button debouncing and typematic key repeat Programmable backlight intensity Configuration stored in non-volatile memory

21. Hydraulic Control Unit

23. Hydraulic Brake – alternatives Cable brake Hydro viscous brake Eddy current brake

24. Business Case Market Cost Financing Competition

25. No Recession for Bicycle Makers

26. Need in the Market Bicycles have little or no protection Big demand for safety Helmets, gloves, goggles, knee pads, …  Protect cyclist in an accidents  Do not prevent accidents

27. Cost

28. Financing We covered all the costs  Believe in the product  Start business  Keep the product loyalty

29. Competition There is no similar product in the market It is a Unique design The Hydraulic ABS system will give us an edge

30. Estimated Product Cost

31. Potential Market for Bicycle ABS Professional Athletes training bicycle Novice Cyclist Everyday Commuters Electric scooters

32. Professional Athletes

34. Novice cyclists

35. Everyday Commuters

36. Electric Scooters

37. Other potential market Mountain Bike Riders Youth Bicycle rental retail stores

38. Lessons learned … Systematic approach to circuit design is needed to ensure a robust product Buy a lot of spare parts Do not underestimate Integration of working modules

39. Future Plan light weight lower power consumption autonomous more features  front-wheel speed monitoring  heart rate monitor  statistics  USB interface  rear view camera

40. References [1] Canada. Transport Canada, “Road Safety in Canada – 2001”, Transport Canada. [Online]. Available: http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/tp/tp13951/2001/page7.htm [Accessed: Sept. 21, 2008] [2]“Anti-lock Braking System” in Wikipedia, History, Sept. 18, 2008. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system [Accessed: Sept. 21, 2008].

41. Questions ?

42. System Block Diagram

43. Overall Electronics Schematic

44. Team Work