1. Emergency Braking Notification System Applying technology of wireless sensor networks to automobiles

2. by Ricardo Joseph Estevez B.S., University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2002 A thesis defense submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Computer Science 2006

3. Overview Introduction Technology Review Experiment Questions Prototype Architecture Prototype Discussion Brake Distance Formula Prototype Test Video Next steps Questions and Answers

4. Introduction Passive collision avoidance safety system prototype has been built as a result of this thesis research Wireless sensor network carry inter-vehicle messages. Proved to be possible at highway speeds (60MPH) Data fed into WSN originates from vehicle on board diagnostic (OBD) computer

5. Technology Review - 1 Crossbow MICA2 mote

6. Technology Review - 2 Crossbow MIB500 programmer board

7. Technology Review - 3 ELM327 IC (OBD reader

8. Technology Review - 4 Intelligent Transportation System Intelligent Infrastructure Intelligent Vehicles Colorado Denver TREX http://www.cotrip.org More implemented efforts on infrastructure Less on vehicles because of cost of implementation

9. Experiment Questions 1. How can data from car’s on board diagnostic computer be captured? 2. How can the open-source OBD programs be modified for use in this safety system? 3. What is the maximum distance that a sent radio message can be received? 4. How does communication from PC to sender-mote occur? 5. How is data transmitted from sender-mote to receiver-mote? 6. How is the driver warned of the braking level?

10. Prototype Architecture

11. Prototype Discussion Hardware Used ELM 327 IC Two Crossbow MICA2 motes Running TinyOS 2.0 or T2 Running custom programs for lead and trailing vehicle Host PC Communication Interfaces RS232 Serial Communication OBD Communication Wireless Communication

12. Brake Distance Formula

13. Brake Distance Formula + Reaction Time

14. Prototype Test Video - Green to Red LED illumination

15. Prototype Test Video - Red to Green LED illumination

16. Road Test Threshold Graph

17. Next Steps The architecture that this prototype uses is a foundation for more research Required brake distance formula assumes a deceleration rate. This should be specific to the vehicle, i.e. a Corvette will stop faster than a Hummer Formula does not factor in frictional forces such as tires and road conditions. This will affect braking distance

18. Next Steps The architecture that this prototype uses is a foundation for more research Required brake distance formula assumes a deceleration rate. This should be specific to the vehicle, i.e. a Corvette will stop faster than a Hummer Formula does not factor in frictional forces such as tires and road conditions. This will affect braking distance

19. Questions and Answers