1. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Global Protocol for Community- Scale GHG Emissions (GPC) Siegfried Zoellner, Project Coordinator ICLEI European Secretariat

2. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Important Definitions GHG Inventory: An accounting summary of the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to or removed from the atmosphere over a specific period of time (e.g., one year). Policy makers use greenhouse gas inventories to track emission trends, develop strategies and policies and assess progress. GHG Protocol: An internationally accepted greenhouse gas accounting and reporting standard (e.g. what to include and exclude, categorisation, methods of calculations, minimum requirements etc.) GHG Inventory Tool: A tool such as a spreadsheet, software package or online tool which helps to assemble activity data (e.g. energy consumption) in a structured way and to convert these into GHG emissions for a GHG inventory. Reporting Platform: Publicly accessible database of GHG inventories, targets and activities.

3. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch

4. Standards for local governments Standard IEAP SEAP GHG Standard Organization ICLEI Europe CoM UNEP / WB / UN-HABITAT Target group LGs worldwide (national supplements) EU LGs LGs > 1 million pop. Boundaries Government / Community Community only Reporting format (sectors) Tailored to LGs (based on IPCC) IPCC sectors Separation by scopes YES NO YES Adapted from: UNEP, UN-Habitat, World Bank (2011) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cities: Comparison of International Inventory Frameworks.

5. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: Policy Framework Policy Development - Comparison - Understanding Behaviour Choices - Aggregation Measurability - Accuracy - Relevance - Completeness - Consistency - Transparency

6. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Local Government Inventories are a combination of national guidelines and corporate standards Local Government Corporate Standards National Guidelines

7. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: Sources and boundaries of community GHG emissions

8. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Scopes Scope 1 - direct emissions – Gas in boilers, petrol in vehicles – Methane from your farm animals – Emissions from your waste dumps, incinerators.. Scope 2 - indirect emissions – Electricity consumed – Heating and cooling energy consumed Scope 3 – emissions by someone else while providing things for you – Making paper, computers, furniture & appliances – Growing food, and bringing it to your door – Taking away your waste

9. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: 2012 Accounting and Reporting Standard Minimum standard of emissions sources for a city GHG inventory 2012 Accounting Standard [summary] I. Stationary Units 1. Residential 2. Commercial/institutional facilities 3. Energy generation 4. Industrial energy use II. Mobile Units 1. On-road transportation 2. Railways 3. Water-borne navigation 4. Aviation 5. Off-road III. Waste 1. Solid waste disposal 2. Biological treatment of waste 3. Incineration and open burning 4. Wastewater treatment and discharge IV. IPPU 1. Industrial Processes 2. Product Use V. Additional Key issues -Appropriate linking of all Scope-1 emissions to respective IPCC categories -Addressing Scope-2 for all sources as appropriate -Different characteristics and capacities, use of notation keys -Accounting approach (In-boundary, Proportional responsibility, origination) -Avoiding Double counting (Scope-1 emissions from Energy Generation and waste) -Limitations In estimating a full community-scale GHG emissions -quantification of trans-boundary flows of embodied energy, goods (key urban materials), and full life cycle assessments (Scope 3) -Lack of sectoral guidance for accounting at the city level (e.g. AFOLU emissions )

10. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: Community GHG Profile

11. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: National Aggregation Reports

12. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: Accounting Guidance GPC provides step-by-step guidance to collect, quantify, and report emissions data Accounting Guidance:Example Provided (Residential Buildings, Stationary Fuel Combustion): Data Collection Requirements Local governments will need to know: types of fuels consumed by stationary units located within the community quantity (volume) of each type of fuel combusted Activity Data x Emissions Factor = GHG Emissions Standard formula for GHG calculations in GPC Activity Data Recommended - Obtain real consumption data for each fuel type. This information is typically monitored at the point of sale of the fuel. Alternate - Where real consumption data are unavailable, model energy consumption data: Alternate - Scale regional or national fuel consumption data down using population. Emissions Factor Recommended - Disaggregated by fuel type and technology-specific for stationary combustion in buildings/facilities, typically provided by national environmental agencies or research institutions. Alternate - Standard IPCC emissions factors for stationary combustion, by building type (Stationary Combustion)

13. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: Accounting Guidance GPC provides step-by-step guidance to collect, quantify, and report emissions data Accounting Guidance:Example Provided (Residential Buildings, Stationary Fuel Combustion): Quantification Formula(s) Where Fuel a,b = Fuel consumed in volume (e.g. gallons, liters, cubic meters, etc.), by fuel type for each building type a = Fuel type (e.g. natural gas, propane, fuel oil, etc.) b = Building type (e.g. residential, commercial/institutional, industrial)

14. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch GPC Components: Updates to the Standard Institutionalized Future Updates to the 2012 Standard Core partners have institutionalized a process for incorporating updates and revisions to the 2012 Accounting and Reporting Standard. Proposals for updates in future iterations of the 2012 Standard, will be primarily evaluated for adherence to and balancing of all six fundamental guiding principles of GPC. Updates envisioned: – Developing National/Regional Supplements – Updating the 2012 Accounting and Reporting Standard – Enhanced Reporting Guidance – Equity-based reporting of direct and indirect emissions – Synergy with national governments and international processes – Synergy with Business Community

15. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Key principles for GHG accounting Standard principles as used for financial accounting should underpin all climate reporting: relevance completeness consistency accuracy transparency

16. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Emissions by Sector for LGs Emissions by Sector for LGs

17. European NEtwork of Regional GHG Emissions and Energy Watch Scopes for emissions inventories Scope Differentiations GPC Definitions Government – OperationalCommunity - Geopolitical Scope-1Direct emission sources owned or operated by the local government. All direct emission sources located within the geopolitical boundary of the local government Scope-2 Indirect emission sources limited to electricity, district heating, steam and cooling consumption. Indirect emissions that result as a consequence of activity within the jurisdiction's geopolitical boundary limited to electricity, district heating, steam and cooling consumption. Scope-3All other indirect and embodied emissions over which the local government exerts significant control or influence. All other indirect and embodied emissions that occur as a result of activity within the geopolitical boundary.