1. Mrs. Passell’s Weather Test Review The test will assess your understanding of clouds, precipitation, water cycle, fronts, high & low pressure areas, weather maps, weather instruments and storms. It will not cover the layers of the atmosphere, air as a mixture, or heat transfer.

2. COMMON TYPES OF CLOUDS.

3. STRATUS CLOUDS  Stratus clouds are not individual “units’.  These are the lowest clouds.  They produce widespread rain or snow.  Fog is a stratus cloud close to the ground.

4. CUMULUS CLOUDS  Puffy clouds like the ones you drew in first grade  Fair weather clouds

5. CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS Thunderheads Bring heavy rains, lightning, thunder May bring violent weather http://www.crh.noaa.gov/images/ilx/swop/clouds.jpg

6. CIRRUS CLOUDS High altitude, thin clouds Wispy, like feathers Made of ice crystals Sometimes called “mare’s tails” http://www.met.tamu.edu/class/Metr304/Severedir/CirrusCl ouds.jpg

7. FRONTS An AIR MASS is the large body of air that has the characteristics of the land over which it develops. The whole air mass will have the same temperature, pressure and humidity. A FRONT is the place where two air masses meet.

8. SYMBOLS FOR FRONTS think of cold pointy icicles think of the warm sun rising in the east - not on the test think of a stationary exercise bike - - you’re pedaling but not going anywhere!

9. MOVEMENT OF FRONTS The front is moving in the direction of the points or half-circles. Stationary fronts are stationary so they are not moving!

10. WARM FRONT Remember that warm air is less dense than cold air so it will slide up over the more dense cold air.

11. WARM FRONT The weather is rainy or snowy as the front approaches and the temperature starts to rise. Warm Front. Image Credit: NOAA; http://tinyurl.com/c3o9gtu

12. COLD FRONT A cold front pushes under the less dense warm air. Violent storms can occur.

13. STATIONARY FRONT The WARM FRONT and COLD FRONT come together along a stationary front. The weather will be unsettled and for a few days.

14. WATER CYCLE/ HOW CLOUDS FORM.

15. PRECIPITATION : RAIN & SNOW Rain – liquid water; most common form of precipitation Snow - - Just like rain except it passes through layers of freezing air as it returns to Earth

16. PRECIPITATION : SLEET, HAIL & FREEZING RAIN Sleet - - rain passes through cold air close to the ground Hail - - ice crystals rise & fall within the thunder- cloud; when they become too large, they fall to Earth Freezing Rain – regular land that freezes when it lands on surfaces that are 32 º or lower

17. ISOBARS These lines connect places that have equal air pressure. The closer together the lines are, the stronger the winds will be.

18. HIGH PRESSURE AREAS High pressure is indicated with an “H” The weather will be fair.

19. LOW PRESSURE AREAS Low pressure systems are marked with an “L”. Cloudy weather & precipitation is found in low pressure areas. The center of all storms, including hurricanes, are low pressure areas.

20. WINDS Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

21. HURRICANES These storms form along the warm tropical waters near the equator. http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/

22. HURRICANES If you could slice into a tropical cyclone, it would look something like this. The small red arrows show warm, moist air rising from the ocean's surface, and forming clouds in bands around the eye. The blue arrows show how cool, dry air sinks in the eye and between the bands of clouds. The large red arrows show the rotation of the rising bands of clouds.(http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/)http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/

23. TORNADO A tornado forms from a thunderstorm. Warm moist air meets cool dry air. Changes in wind speed and direction at different altitudes cause the spinning to begin.

25. DROUGHT Drought occurs when there is little or no precipitation for a long time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012–2013_North_American_drought

26. HOW LARGE BODIES OF WATER AFFECT WEATHER Large bodies of water hold their heat longer than areas of land far from water.

27. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: ANEMOMETER measure the speed of the wind

28. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: BAROMETER measure air pressure in inches or mercury or millibars

29. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: HYGROMETER or PSYCHROMETER measures the humidity (the amount of moisture in the air)

30. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: WEATHER VANE or WIND VANE shows the direction the wind is blowing Nevit Dilmen

31. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: THERMOMETER measure the temperature

32. WEATHER INSTRUMENT: RAIN GAUGE measure the amount of rainfall

33. ? Adapted from > Mr. B. Fontaine Mrs. J. Phipps Mrs. C. Koop Parts of this powerpoint were kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com www.worldofteaching.com

34. SOURCES Tornado> http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather- tornado.htmhttp://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather- tornado.htm Drought > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Current-USDM.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Current-USDM.gif high to low pressure > http://hsc.csu.edu.au/primary_ind/prim_ind_240/compulsory/AHCW RK201A/3264/pressure_cells.htm http://hsc.csu.edu.au/primary_ind/prim_ind_240/compulsory/AHCW RK201A/3264/pressure_cells.htm