1. NATIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION PROGRAM: FROM PAPER TO THE INTERNET TO 3D Frank LaFone, West Virginia University Maneesh Sharma, West Virginia University Tim Carr, West Virginia University

2. WHAT IS GEOLOGIC CCS? Geologic storage is defined as the placement of CO2 into a subsurface formation such that it will remain permanently stored. Formations of concern 1.Oil/Gas 2.Coal 3.Saline

3. WHY STUDY GEOLOGIC CCS? New power plants are being built worldwide all the time Power demand is increasing, not decreasing Power plants are major sources of CO2 pollution, particularly from coal sources Estimates suggest 40% of CO2 emissions in the US comes from power plants Geologic CCS provides an alternative to: Planting 62 million trees and waiting 10 years Shutting off power for over 300,000 homes It’s easier to monitor a few hundred stationary source points instead of millions of ever mobile consumption points

4. NAT IONAL CARB ON SEQUESTRATION PROGRAM “NATCARB organizes and enhances the critical information about CO 2 stationary sources and develops the technology needed to access, query and model, analyze, display, and distribute CO 2 storage resource data. Data are generated, maintained, and enhanced locally at each RCSP, or at specialized data warehouses and public” http://seca.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/natcarb/index.html

5. METHODOLOGY Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) were charged with providing a high-level, quantitative estimate of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage resource available in subsurface environments of their regions as well as estimating CO 2 emitting stationary sources

6. METHODOLOGY Estimates were done of 5 major geologic formations Oil & Gas reserves Unmineable coal areas Saline Shale Basalt Volumetric estimations for subsurface volumes based upon geologic properties and storage efficiency Generated using Monte Carlo simulations Designed to create a high level, regional/national scale estimation End up with 10K grid scales

7. WHERE CAN CO2 BE STORED GEOLOGICALLY IN NORTH AMERICA?

8. STORAGE BY FORMATION

9. SOURCES Agricultural Processing Cement Plant Ethanol Plant Fertilizer Industrial Mining Petroleum & Natural Gas Refineries/Chemical Electricity Generation Unclassified

10. VISUALIZATION GOALS 1.Provide a high level look at geologic carbon sequestration 2.Provide a method to explore carbon sequestration potential 3.Provide a method to explore stationary source CO2 emissions 4.Provide a method for the general public to explore this data 5.Provide a method for interested, non-experts to explore this data 6.Provide a scientific tool for experts

11. FIRST CHALLENGE - MIXED USER EXPERTISE

12. SECOND CHALLENGED – MIXED SCALES

13. THIRD CHALLENGE – MIXED PLATFORMS

14. ATLAS IV APPROACH - PAPER ATLAS

15. ATLAS IV APPROACH - ONLINE INTERACTIVE MAP

16. ATLAS IV APPROACH – DATA DOWNLOAD

17. DISCOVERIES AND ISSUES Paper Atlas serves the paper format well Interactive Map attempt to serve both the novice and the expert Neither served to the best of their ability “Experts” are not experts in everything – same with novices Experts knew the data and the science, struggled with the interfaces Novices addressed the interface easily, yet didn’t have the scientific background Cross platform development is hard Feature creep – expert tools started to show up in novice areas

18. APPROACHES FOR ATLAS V Understand different audiences require different approaches

19. NEW INTERACTIVE ATLAS http://natcarbviewer.org/beta/

20. NEW SCIENTIFIC TOOLS FOR EXPERT NEEDS

22. QUESTIONS? COMMENTS?