1. Emission of pollutants into the atmosphere Emission of pollutants into the atmosphere  Katarina Mareckova, EMEP Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections 4 July 2012, Geneva TF on Indicators

2. Content  Introduction  Estimation and reporting of emissions  What is NIS and why we need it  Status of reporting under CLRTAP in EECCA and WB  Indicators

3. Emission sources  Releases to air occurring by anthropogenic activities (combustions of fuels, agriculture activities, mining, industrial processes, leakages from equipment's, pipelines…)  Natural emissions (volcano eruptions, forest fires, releases from soil, vegetation,.. Type of source  Point sources  Area sources  Linear sources (diffuse emissions) Type of source  Point sources  Area sources  Linear sources (diffuse emissions)

4. A. Direct measurements of emissions e.g. in chimney measurements B. Estimation by calculation  Emission factor (mass pollutant per unit activity)  Activity data C. Inverse modeling (e.g. based on air quality measurements) Emission estimation

5. Quality parameters of emission inventory T TCCCA  Timeliness  Transparency  Consistency  Comparability  Completeness and  Accuracy  Review process of emissions inventories is established under all Conventions and Protocols  Automated tests on imported data: format, timeliness, trends…  Semi-automated tests on completeness, consistency,IEF, recalculations,…  In-depth review of methods, EF and AD, documentation… Quality control

6. What is National Inventory System (NIS)  A national inventory system incorporates all the elements necessary  to estimate,  report  and archive emissions and sinks, i.e. Legal arrangements Institutional arrangements Procedural arrangements High quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public

7. Legal arrangements (Act, decree,…) Ensures resources Ensures access to inventory data for inventory compilers Establish system for collecting the data Define responsibilities (legal entity)

8. Institutional and procedural arrangements Team coordinator Sectoral experts Cooperating institutions Strategy / workplan in place QA/QC plan developed Reporting system in place Data providers (StatOff, Industries, … Documentation and Archiving system in place Leading institution QA/QC mana ger DB manag er Consultant s Research inst. Universiti es

9. How could it work High quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public Inventory Planning Inventory Management Inventory Preparation Assessment of current status Develop improvement strategy

10. Existing reporting obligation  LRTAP Convention (21 pollutants: acidifying, ozone precursors, PM, HMs, POPs); 51 Parties  8 protocols  UNFCCC (GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, F-gases) 123 Parties  Kyoto protocol  Montreal protocol – Ozone depleting pollutants  Aarhus Convention -  E-PRTR protocol – industrial point sources – 91 pollutants  …….  EIONET framework (EEA) – annual priority data flows

11. Overview of reporting under CLRTAP in 2010; EECCA and WB countries

12. MS inventories Parties to the CLRTAP Central DB UNECE Secretariat EEA, ETC ACM RepDab EMEP SB Data flow modelers review Gridded data inventories testing Eurostat CRF, NECD Surrogate data Status reports EMEP EB Country reports Notification forms

13. Resources for emission inventory compilers:

14. Guidebooks and Tools  EMEP/ EEA Inventory Guidebook 2009 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009  http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications-ru/emep-eea/  EMEP Emission Reporting Guidelines ECE/EB.AIR/97 http://www.ceip.at/fileadmin/inhalte/emep/reporting_2009/Rep_Guidelines_ECE_ EB_AIR_97_e.pdf http://www.ceip.at/fileadmin/inhalte/emep/reporting_2009/Rep_Guidelines_ECE_ EB_AIR_97_e.pdf  COPERT road transport software  CollectER emission inventory DB E-PRTR Guidance

15. Existing Guidebooks and tools UNFCCC reporting guidelines IPCC Inventory Guidebooks and IPCC Good Practice Guidance http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/methodology-reports.htm http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/methodology-reports.htm IPCC Software http://www.ipcc- nggip.iges.or.jp/software/new.html

16. Existing reporting formats  NFR/CRF sectors, categories  E-PRTR activities

17. IMPORTANT NOTE  Do not start to develop new emissions/ emission inventory system before assessing previous relevant activities in your country  Establish cooperation, use existing experience of inventory experts in your country,  Support your national inventory experts by providing activity data in required formats and on time

18. Use of the indicator

19. Emission trends  Trends in air quality  Implementation of abatement measures  Economical development  Trends in air quality  Implementation of abatement measures  Economical development

20. Difference 1990-2010, and Distance to GP Target ( 2010 emissions to ceilings) Compliance with international treaties

21. Identification of main sectors to total emissions

22. Key categories 1A1a Public Electricity and Heat Production”, “1A fi Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing industries and Construction: Other” “2C1 Iron and Steel Production”. 1A2b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Non-ferrous Metals 1A4bi Residential: Stationary plants

23. Emissions and projections (example)

24. Emission per GNI, per capita

25. Spatial distribution of emissions SOx NH 3 max min max min

26. Distribution of LPS, 2012 MAIN PM HM POPs

27. Large industrial facilities with releases to air (cca 27 000) E-PRTR 2009

28. E-PRTR Time series - Air

29. Discussion items  How to ensure /improve communication between data providers and inventory compilers  How to improve quality of reported emissions  Where are the problems ?  AD : accessibility, availability, completeness, confidentiality, …..  EFs : applicability, uncertainty,….  Tools: guidance, software, literature, database,..  Legal barriers,…  awareness of decision maker, data providers…  What can we do?