1. 1.Your name 2.Why are you enrolled in General Microbiology? 3.How many pets do you have and what are their names? 4.What is your favorite type of food? 5.What careers/jobs can you get that require you to take General Microbiology?

2. Lecture Why study microbes? Naming and categorization Lab Introduction Microscopes and measurements Pre-lab Aseptic technique Microbes in the environment Why are microbes so fascinating?

3. What is a “microbe”?

4. Why study them?

5. #1 INFECTIOUS DISEASE

6. Disease Case #1: > 36 million infections since 1959 Worldwide distribution The Microbe Symptoms Animal reservoir/ host

7. Animal reservoirs Symptoms US distribution The Microbe Disease Case #2: epidemic and pandemic status

8. Animal reservoirs/ hosts? Primary distribution prior to 2014 The Microbe Symptoms Disease Case #3: 29 outbreaks since 1976

9. 2014 Outbreak 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa Status as of 8/15/14: Suspected/confirmed cases 21,831 Suspected case deaths 8,690

10. Ebola HV: the paradoxical virus Death from catastrophic thrombosis Death from massive hemorrhage

11. Similarities? -All are viruses -All are zoonoses: diseases transmitted through an animal reservoir -All have occurred with alarming frequency in the past 50 years and represent…

12. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) -Definition: New or changing diseases that are increasing in incidence or have potential to increase in the near future Some less exotic examples: - Avian influenza A (H5N1) and swine flu (H1N1) - Invasive Group A Streptococcus- “flesh eating” bacteria - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Hypervirulent drug-resistant Clostridium difficile Why are we seeing so many EIDs in the past half century?

13. How do we study and keep track of all these diseases? -Epidemiology: study of the origin, frequency and distribution of diseases (CDC, MMWR, ISID, etc.)

14. Example: Chemical and food production #2 Biotechnology

15. Example: Chemotherapy: treatment of disease with a chemical 1. Synthetic drugs- man-made chemicals 2. Antibiotics- microbe-made chemicals Ex. Alexander Fleming’s penicillin from Penicillium notatum #2 Biotechnology

16. Example: Genetic manipulation: using genes from/in microbes (for example in gene therapy and genetic engineering) #2 Biotechnology

17. Bioremediation- use of microbes or their enzymes to degrade, detoxify, or otherwise decontaminate environmental hazards #3 Environmental role Pseudomonas spp. metabolize oil spill on Alaskan shore

18. Microbiota= the microbes that live in and on our bodies - Roles Maintain health: intestinal and vaginal tracts, skin Cause disease: oral microbiota, overuse of antibiotics, opportunistic pathogens #4 Human health

19. How do we study microbes?? 1.We observe them 2. We characterize them 3. We name them 4. We categorize them

20. Naming- Binomial nomenclature Genus species Escherichia coli or E. coli Staphylococcus aureus or S. aureus Rickettsia rickettsii or R. rickettsii 1730s Carolus Linnaeus

21. Categorization Kingdoms of Life Archaea Bacteria Protista (or Protoctista) Fungi Plantae Animalia (… and Viruses/ Prions) Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

22. Independent Learning 1.Complete “APO-1: Microbiology- past and present” and turn in on Thursday, 1/29. This is the first Additional Point Opportunity (APO) and is an individual assignment. You can access APO-1 on my website: http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/faculty/sdccd/lmurphy/microindex.htm 2.Review Chapters 2 and 4 for the basic chemistry and biology principles you would have learned in your pre-requisite courses. Pre-requisite quiz is on Thursday.