1. ACL PCL Persented by : Bahador Rafiee
In the name of God
ACL
PCL
Persented by :
Bahador Rafiee

2. Anatomy
Anterior Cruciate Lig.
Posterior Cruciate Lig.

3. Function
ACL , PCL

4. Examination 1-Anterior Drawer Test anterior force applied
at 90 degrees of flexion

5. Examination 2-Posterior Drawer Test Most accurate test for PCL tear.
Patient in supine position with knee
flexed 90°.
Apply a posteriorly directed force
to proximal tibia.

6. Examination 3-Lachman Test best test for ACL laxity.
Knee placed in degrees
of flexion, the femur is stabilized,
and an anteriorly directed force 
applied to proximal calf. 

7. Examination 4-Pivot-Shift Test Confirms complete ACL tear.
Based on very early flexion causing
anterior subluxation of the tibia
that is reduced with further flexion
(20-40 degrees) due to the posterior
pull of the iliotibial tract.

8. Examination
Mac Murray’s Test

9. Anterior cruciate ligament injury
An ACL tear is most often a sports-related injury. ACL tears can also occur during rough play, mover vehicle collisions, falls, and work-related injuries. About 80% of sports-related ACL tears are "non-contact" injuries. This means that the injury occurs without the contact of another athlete, such as a tackle in football. Most often ACL tears occur when pivoting or landing from a jump. The knee gives-out from under the athlete when the ACL is torn.

10. Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Female athletes are known to have a higher risk of injuring their anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, while participating in competitive sports.

11. Clinical feature Noncontact injury
An audible pop often accompanies this injury, which often occurs while changing direction, cutting, or landing from a jump (usually a hyperextension/pivot combination).
Within a few hours, a large hemarthrosis develops.
Patients usually are unable to return to play, secondary to pain, swelling, and instability or giving way of the knee.
Contact and high-energy traumatic injuries
These injuries often are associated with other ligamentous and meniscal injuries.
The classic "terrible triad" (ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus tears) involves a valgus stress to the knee with resultant acute injury to the ACL and MCL; however, the medial meniscus tear is now thought to occur later, as a result of chronic ACL deficiency.

12. Radiography

13. Treatment In adult with bone fracture With other lesion
Just ligament tearing : 1- normal people
2- athlete people
Chronic tearing

14. Thanks for your attention