1. Slide 1: Euglena acus

2. Slide 2: Diatoms

3. Slide 3: Paramecium caudatum

4. Slide 4: Stentor coeruleus

5. Slide 5: Ameoba proteus

6. Slide 6: Radiolarians

7. Slide 7: Foraminifera

8. Questions:  1. Why are ground-up diatoms sometimes used in powdered cleansers?  2. Which protist that you observed do you think is the most advanced?  3. Why is it more advanced?  4. In which protist that you observed could you identify the most organelles?  5. How many organelles could you see and identify?

9. CH 19 Eukaryote Kingdom #1: Protists

10. Eukaryote Kingdom #1: Protista “The Junk Drawer Kingdom”  Single-celled (mostly)  Eukaryotic (have organelles)  3 types of protists: 1. Animal-like: Protozoans 2. Plant-like: Algae 3. Fungus-like: Slime Molds

11. Plant-like Protists: Algae  Live in water  Autotrophs  Make almost one-half of the worlds carbohydrates and oxygen

12. Slime molds Heterotrophic organisms that decompose organics to obtain energy. Move like amoeba during much of life cycle Reproduce with spores (like fungi)

13. How do they move?  Amoebas - pseudopod (false foot)  Flagellates - ?  Ciliates - ?

14. How do they reproduce?  1. Asexually: dividing into 2 identical cells  2. Sexually: “Conjugation”- offspring get characteristics from both parents

15. Sensing and Responding  Eyespot- senses changes in light, can move to food, away from harmful chemicals

16. Eukaryote Kingdom #1: Protista “The Junk Drawer Kingdom” REMEMBER!  3 types of protists: 1. Animal-like: Protozoans 2. Plant-like: Algae 3. Fungus-like: Slime Molds

17. Now for some representative protists...

18. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans Protozoan Ex 1: Amoebas  Heterotrophs  Use PSEUDOPODS, aka “false feet,” to move & trap food

19. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans Protozoan Ex 2: Giardia  Intestinal parasite  from contaminated water  Symptoms: tired, weight-loss, diarrhea  Use FLAGELLA to moveFLAGELLA

20. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans Protozoan Ex 3: Trypanosomes  Causes African Sleeping Sickness: Fatal! Fever, chills, skin rash, affects nervous system  In blood, spread by Tsetse flies in Africa  Use FLAGELLA to move

21. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans Protozoan Ex 4: Paramecium  Use CILIA to move and to bring food into their mouth poreCILIA  Food is packaged into vacuoles and chemically broken down  Waste leaves through anal pore

22. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans Protozoan Ex 5: Sporozoans  Produce spores to reproduce  Parasites live in blood  Plasmodium causes malaria, Plasmodium Deadly - kills 3 million every year  Mosquitoes transfer infected blood

23. Protists: Protozoans- plasmodium

24. Plant-like Protists: Algae Algae Ex 1: EuglenaEuglena  Have chloroplasts- make food from light  Flagellum to move  Eyespot to locate food  Heterotroph and Autotroph!

25. Plant-like Protists: Algae Algae Ex 2: DiatomsDiatoms  Hard shell made of silica (glass)  Die, shells build up on the ocean bottom  collected and used for soaps and scouring powders

26. Plant-like Protists: Algae Algae Ex 2: Diatoms

27. Plant-Like Protists: Algae Ex 3: Dinoflagellates

29. Dinoflagellate Structure  2 unequal flagella  Cell wall with plates of cellulose

30. Dinoflagellates- Red Tide

31. Dinoflagellates cause Red Tide  Massive blooms  Produce toxins  Kills fish  Stored in mussels and clam tissue  Causes Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)

32. PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) Toxin  Neurotoxin  1000X power of cyanide  No antidote, need immediate medical attention, life support equipment  Low dose? w/ treatment, symptoms gone in 9 hours

33. PSP Symptoms  Numbness, tingling around mouth  Vomiting, diarrhea  Double vision  Respiratory paralysis, death

34. Dinoflagellates Bioluminescence

35. Protists: Algae  Ex 4: Seaweed  Have chloroplasts  Many cells together, up to 60 cm long and some 100 m tall (giant kelp)  Red, green, browngreen  In many foods

38. Protists: Osmosis- water balance  Water moves through cell membrane from high concentration of water to low concentration of water  In fresh water, a protist cell may burst, so protists collect water and push it back out

39. Protists: Osmosis in Cells

40. Osmosis- water balance

41. Contractile Vacuole Contractile Vacuole in Paramecium Full Empty