1. AOS 1: Learning Classical Conditioning

2. In classical conditioning, an organism develops an association between the A.conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response B. neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus C. conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus D. neutral stimulus and the unconditioned response

3. In classical conditioning, an organism develops an association between the A.conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response B. neutral stimulus and the conditioned stimulus C. conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus D. neutral stimulus and the unconditioned response

4. Ella's cat runs to the back door when the microwave bell sounds as this usually signals that her dinner is about to be served. The cat also runs to the back door when Ella's doorbell rings. - Ella's cat is demonstrating an example of. A. stimulus discriminationB. stimulus generalisation C. spontaneous recoveryD. extinction

5. Ella's cat runs to the back door when the microwave bell sounds as this usually signals that her dinner is about to be served. The cat also runs to the back door when Ella's doorbell rings. - Ella's cat is demonstrating an example of. A. stimulus discriminationB. stimulus generalisation C. spontaneous recoveryD. extinction

6. After a meal of seafood, Rastus became ill, suffering from nausea and vomiting. Now Rastus feels nauseated at the sight of seafood and can no longer eat it. Rastus has experienced… A. a conditioned reflexB. a phobia C. stimulus discriminationD. taste aversion

7. After a meal of seafood, Rastus became ill, suffering from nausea and vomiting. Now Rastus feels nauseated at the sight of seafood and can no longer eat it. Rastus has experienced… A. a conditioned reflexB. a phobia C. stimulus discriminationD. taste aversion

8. In Pavlov's experiment on salivation in dogs, the neutral stimulus was __________ and the conditioned stimulus was ______________ A. the bell; the bellB. the bell; salivation C. the meat powder; the bellD. the meat powder; salivation

9. In Pavlov's experiment on salivation in dogs, the neutral stimulus was __________ and the conditioned stimulus was ______________ A. the bell; the bellB. the bell; salivation C. the meat powder; the bellD. the meat powder; salivation

10. In classical conditioning, learning takes place by association. This means that an association forms between two events that... A. are similar in natureB. are completely unrelated C. have similar consequencesD. occur closely together in time

11. In classical conditioning, learning takes place by association. This means that an association forms between two events that... A. are similar in natureB. are completely unrelated C. have similar consequencesD. occur closely together in time

12. In classical conditioning, nature provides the ________________ connection and conditioning provides the ______________ connection. A. UCS-CS; UCR-CRB. UCR-CR; UCS-CS C. CS-CR; UCS-UCRD. UCS-UCR; CS-CR

13. In classical conditioning, nature provides the ________________ connection and conditioning provides the ______________ connection. A. UCS-CS; UCR-CRB. UCR-CR; UCS-CS C. CS-CR; UCS-UCRD. UCS-UCR; CS-CR

14. A bell rings, then a puff of air into the eye causes a reflexive blink. After this happens on several occasions, the bell ringing alone causes a conditioned reflexive blink. The UCS is ______________ and the CS is _______________ A. puff of air; blinkingB. bell; blinking C. puff of air; bellD. bell; puff of air

15. A bell rings, then a puff of air into the eye causes a reflexive blink. After this happens on several occasions, the bell ringing alone causes a conditioned reflexive blink. The UCS is ______________ and the CS is _______________ A. puff of air; blinkingB. bell; blinking C. puff of air; bellD. bell; puff of air

16. A researcher conditions a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell. This is then followed by food. After some time the sound alone (that is, without food) no longer leads to salivation. This is referred to as… A.spontaneous recoveryB. extinction C. AcquisitionD. stimulus generalisation

17. A researcher conditions a dog to salivate at the sound of a bell. This is then followed by food. After some time the sound alone (that is, without food) no longer leads to salivation. This is referred to as… A.spontaneous recoveryB. extinction C. AcquisitionD. stimulus generalisation

18. Before learning, an unconditioned stimulus elicits A.an unconditioned responseB. a conditioned response C. a conditioned stimulusD. negative reinforcement

19. Before learning, an unconditioned stimulus elicits A.an unconditioned responseB. a conditioned response C. a conditioned stimulusD. negative reinforcement

20. Neil was bitten by a spider when he was eight years old. He then developed a phobia about spiders. He is now sixteen and runs away every time he sees a spider, or a picture of one. He avoids any films about insects and going near a wildlife area. This behaviour can be explained by… A.spontaneous recoveryB. extinction C. stimulus discriminationD. stimulus generalisation

21. Neil was bitten by a spider when he was eight years old. He then developed a phobia about spiders. He is now sixteen and runs away every time he sees a spider, or a picture of one. He avoids any films about insects and going near a wildlife area. This behaviour can be explained by… A.spontaneous recoveryB. extinction C. stimulus discriminationD. stimulus generalisation

22. The light switch in Lauren's bedroom is faulty so that every time she touches the switch she receives a mild electric shock. After this has happened a few times, Lauren associates light switches with a startle response. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is... A.the light switchB. Lauren's bedroom C. the electric currentD. the startle response

23. The light switch in Lauren's bedroom is faulty so that every time she touches the switch she receives a mild electric shock. After this has happened a few times, Lauren associates light switches with a startle response. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is... A.the light switchB. Lauren's bedroom C. the electric currentD. the startle response

24. In Pavlov's original experiments, a conditioned response that had been extinguished was seen again when the ______________ was delivered again. This reappearance of the conditioned response is known as ______________ A. unconditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery B. conditioned stimulus; reverse extinction C. conditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery D. unconditioned stimulus; reverse extinction

25. In Pavlov's original experiments, a conditioned response that had been extinguished was seen again when the ______________ was delivered again. This reappearance of the conditioned response is known as ______________ A. unconditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery B. conditioned stimulus; reverse extinction C. conditioned stimulus; spontaneous recovery D. unconditioned stimulus; reverse extinction

26. One-trial learning, particularly in the context of taste aversion, is often argued to differ from classical conditioning because A. in classical conditioning the conditioned response often takes a long time to appear, whereas in one- trial taste aversion, the conditioned response always occurs immediately B. stimulus generalisation is less likely to occur with one-trial taste learned responses than classically conditioned responses C. one-trial learned responses are acquired more slowly than classically conditioned learned responses D. one-trial learned responses are generally extinguished more quickly than classically conditioned responses

27. One-trial learning, particularly in the context of taste aversion, is often argued to differ from classical conditioning because A. in classical conditioning the conditioned response often takes a long time to appear, whereas in one- trial taste aversion, the conditioned response always occurs immediately B. stimulus generalisation is less likely to occur with one-trial taste learned responses than classically conditioned responses C. one-trial learned responses are acquired more slowly than classically conditioned learned responses D. one-trial learned responses are generally extinguished more quickly than classically conditioned responses

28. Influential research on one-trial conditioned taste aversion in a variety of animal species was pioneered by John Garcia. This research supports the notion that one-trial conditioned taste aversion… A.demonstrates the powerful effect of punishment on animal behaviour B. is the same as classical conditioning C. has an adaptive survival value for animals D. shares many features with negative reinforcement

29. Influential research on one-trial conditioned taste aversion in a variety of animal species was pioneered by John Garcia. This research supports the notion that one-trial conditioned taste aversion… A.demonstrates the powerful effect of punishment on animal behaviour B. is the same as classical conditioning C. has an adaptive survival value for animals D. shares many features with negative reinforcement

30. In trying to defend the ethics of Watson and Rayner's (1920) 'Little Albert' experiment, it is argued that the knowledge gained about the development of phobias from this experiment clearly outweighed the negative impact on Little Albert. This argument is based on the ethical principle of... A.RespectB. beneficence C. integrityD. justice

31. In trying to defend the ethics of Watson and Rayner's (1920) 'Little Albert' experiment, it is argued that the knowledge gained about the development of phobias from this experiment clearly outweighed the negative impact on Little Albert. This argument is based on the ethical principle of... A.RespectB. beneficence C. integrityD. justice