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Published byAndra Benson Modified over 9 years ago
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Rudolf Wieser, Matthias Baechle, Valerijs Knazkins – ATPE
Improving Power System Stability Through Integrated Power System Stabilizers © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 1
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OUTLINE Controlled Generator on Grid
The main functions of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) The main functions of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) How to test an AVR system Introduction to Real time Simulator Grid Code compliance testing UNITROL built in compliance test functions © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 2
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The main functions of an AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
State-of-the-art excitation systems are equipped with fast acting voltage regulators: Advantages: Fast acting voltage control and reactive power support Providing synchronizing torque component Disadvantage: Introducing negative damping torque component Solution to the reduced damping torque problem Power System Stabilizers © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 3
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Turbine and Generator Mechanics
Turbine driving torque Tm Generator braking torque Te Mechanical rotational speed ω © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 4
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Turbine and Generator Connection to Grid
Turbine + Generator Generator breaker Step-up transformer Transmission line Infinite bus (constant voltage) © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 5
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Turbine and Generator connected to Grid
A single generator connected to a large grid can be represented by the Phillips-Heffron model (assuming constant field voltage and mechanical torque) © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 6
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Linearized Model at certain Operating Point
A single generator connected to a large grid can be represented by the Phillips-Heffron model (assuming constant field voltage and mechanical torque) © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 7
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Torque Disturbance Impact
Harmonic Phasor Representation Torque equilibrium disturbance Electric torque produces natural positive damping © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 8
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Fast Voltage Control Impact
Harmonic Phasor Representation Generator plus AVR Electric torque form AVR function produces negative damping torque © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 9
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Model of a single Generator connected to Grid Power System Stabilizer Function
Power System Stabilizer (PSS) Band limited damping torque contribution Speed estimator from electrical voltage and current signals © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 10
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OUTLINE Controlled Generator on Grid
The main functions of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) The main functions of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) How to test an AVR system Introduction to Real Time Simulator Grid Code compliance testing UNITROL built in compliance test functions © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 11
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Synchronous Machine Transient Simulator Turbine, Generator, Transformer, Line to infinite Bus
Typical turbine - generator arrangement in a power plant Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 12
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Synchronous Machine Transient Simulator Turbine, Generator, Transformer, Line to infinite Grid
SMTS-RT Real Time Simulation of Turbine and governor (simplified) Generator Breaker and step-up transformer Grid representation with infinite Bus Voltage © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 13
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Synchronous Machine Transient Simulator Turbine, Generator, Transformer, Line to infinite Grid
SMTS-RT AVR hardware in the loop Real Time Simulation © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 14
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Synchronous Machine Transient Simulator Turbine, Generator, Transformer, Line to infinite Grid
SMTS-RT 6000 UNITROL 6000 © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 15
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Synchronous Machine Transient Simulator SMTS-RT 6000; User Interface
© ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 16
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OUTLINE Controlled Generator on Grid
The main functions of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) The main functions of a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) How to test an AVR system Introduction to Real Time Simulator Grid Code compliance testing UNITROL built in compliance test functions © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 17
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AVR Grid Code Compliance Grid Code Example
Excerpt from of a local grid code: “Overall Excitation System Control Characteristic …The frequency domain tuning of the Power System Stabilizer shall also be demonstrated by injecting a 0.2Hz-2Hz band limited random noise signal into the Automatic Voltage Regulator reference… while the Generating Unit is operating at a typical load level... …The damping contribution of the Power System Stabilizer shall improve the system-stability within the frequency-band of interest (compared to the system response without a stabilizer): i.e., 0.2Hz - 2Hz” © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 18
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Grid Code Compliance Testing
Test scheme for the measurement of the corresponding transfer function © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 19
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Grid Code Compliance Testing
Time domain-response of the system without the stabilizer, while injecting noise signals: ExpertDays09 © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 20
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Grid Code Compliance Testing
Time domain-response of the system with the stabilizer, while injecting noise signals: 8% ExpertDays09 © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 21
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Grid Code Compliance Testing
Time domain-response of the system with the stabilizer, while injecting noise signals: ExpertDays09 © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 22
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Grid Code Compliance Testing
-20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 20 25 Magnitude [dB] Frequency [Hz] 1 0.2 Frequency domain response of the system with (green line) and without (blue line) the stabilizer connected: © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 23
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Grid Code Compliance Testing
Time domain response of the system with (using different gains) and without (blue line) the stabilizer connected: time [s] 2 4 6 8 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 Pe [p.u.] w/o PSS with PSS, KS1=2 with PSS, KS1=3 with PSS, KS1=4 with PSS, KS1=10 © ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 24
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© ABB Group April 16, 2017 | Slide 25
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