1. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment European Copper InstitutePE Europe LCE 2006 Wim Deprez Ief PardonJohan Driesen K.U.Leuven – ESAT / Electa Hans De KeulenaerConstantin Herrmann

2. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 2/26 Outline Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion Questions

3. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 3/26 Introduction Context - Motivation Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources

4. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 4/26 Introduction Context - Motivation Increasing Energy Demand vs Natural Resources  European Commission (WG E&T) > 30% by 2030 Electricity Demand (Fossil & Renewables)  60%

5. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 5/26 Introduction Context - Motivation In Contrast with Global Warming & Environment KyotoKyoto

6. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 6/26 Introduction Context - Motivation Response & Interaction  €  Concern  Image  Strategy  Legislation  ….  Other arguments

7. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 7/26 Introduction Electrical Equipment Our Concern / Focus Same Drivers  €  E Concern  Image  Strategy  Legislation  …. Directive 2005/32/EC  Framework for setting of eco-design requirements for EuPs

8. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 8/26 Introduction Electrical Equipment Relevance > 50% Electricity consumption in developed countries and approx. 65% of electricity used in industry is consumed by E-motors  Purchase cost vs operational cost Major part of environmental impact of EuPs is caused by its lifetime energy consumption E-consumption is linked with efficiency  Increasing η means reducing losses ~ R.I^2  Definition of resistance: R ~ ρ.L/A  > More material and/or better material or design

9. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 9/26 Introduction Electrical Equipment Therefore: Ecodesign for EUPs is striking a balance between energy consumption, material use and ‘economics’ economical aspects

10. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 10/26 Introduction Three Cornerstones In order to create a good climate for proper ecodesign and increased energy efficiency (certainly in the case of EuPs), there is a need for:  Legislation o E.g.: EuP Directive  Simplification o E.g.: Standards  Education / Information

11. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 11/26 Approach Initiative Knowledge Gap  LCA-world <> Electrical Engineering Industry ECI initiative Simplification Education / Information Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment for non Experts in LCA Marketing tool Educational tool Ecodesign …

12. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 12/26 Approach Partners Initiator  ECI LCA – Ecodesign Specialist  PE Europe Material Manufacturers & Associations  Electrical steel  Construction steel  Iron  Aluminium  Copper  … EuP Manufacturers Academic Partner

13. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 13/26 Approach Considered Equipment Criteria:  Relevance  Simplicity  … Induction motors Transformers Cables

14. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 14/26 Approach Considered Equipment Induction motors Transformers Cables

15. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 15/26 Approach Methodology Which Technique? AgainCriteria: »Relevance & Goal (≠ formal EPD) »Simplicity »… LCA?  Too Holistic  E gy consumption dominates > Hairsplitting More quantitative techniques [De Wulf]  Indicator Approaches  Environmental impact drivers approach o Number & complexity of input data is consciously limited o ! Simplification ≠ low quality of inventory LCA data!

16. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 16/26 Toolbox Software Gabi software  University of Stuttgart o Instit. Polymer Testing & - Science o PE Europe = user interface Data & formulae  Gabi & EU LCA reference database  Different partners Five separate tools (with comparison) Reporting  (intro, goal & scope, inventory results & impact results)

17. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 17/26 Toolbox Implementation Data ( is limited for user-friendliness & complixity )  Still quite some data for each phase of life-cycle o Production Phase o Utilisation (!!!! For EuPs biggest impact) o End-of-Life Phase  Define fractions for dismantling/shredding/…  Depends on Product  Cutt-off Criteria Impact categories  Five Categories Considered o Global Warming Potential o Acidification Potential o Eutrophication Potential o Ozone Layer Depletion Potential o Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential

18. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 18/26 Toolbox Overview Motors Production  Copper  Aluminium  NGO-Steel  Mech-Steel  Cast Iron Utilisation

19. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 19/26 Toolbox Overview Transformers Production  Copper  Aluminium  GO-Steel  Mech-Steel  Cast Iron  Porcelain or ceramic  Insulator (epoxy > dry cooled oil > oil cooled) Utilisation  Direct Energy or

20. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 20/26 Toolbox Overview Cables Production  Underground cable o Aluminum wire o Copper o PVC  Overhead lines o Also Steel wire Utilisation  direct_energy = direct_loss*hours_loaded  indirect_energy = (resistance_Al+resistance_Cu)*0,000001*current_cores*sqr ((load/100)* rated_currented)*hours_loaded

21. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 21/26 Toolbox Validation & Data Quality Goal ≠ formal EPD  No third party validation is needed Philisophy  Validate Methodology and Tool rather than the individual declarations by it  With simplifications on methodology NOT on data Data  High quality o Gabi, EU LCA database, partners…  According to ISO 14014X series Applicable for broad product range

22. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 22/26 Case Study Three 1.5 kW induction motors Input Area

23. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 23/26 Case Study Three 1.5 kW induction motors Reporting Area

24. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 24/26 Case Study Three 1.5 kW induction motors Impacts

25. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 25/26 Conclusion Ecodesign Toolbox for Electrical Equipment  Non-experts > o Trade-off complexity vs user-friendliness o Only model simplifications not on data sets  No full LCA accuracy BUT applicable to broad range of product variations  Marketing, Education, … For EuPs >> Utilisation Phase!! New Project  Systems o E.g.:

26. © K.U.Leuven - ESAT/Electa Introduction Approach Toolbox Case Study Conclusion LCE2006 June 2nd W. Deprez 26/26 Questions?