1. Golf Ball Speed Analysis Apparatus By: Dan and David Langenderfer Faculty Mentor: Dr. H. El-Mounayri ENGR 196 Honors Project, Dec. 2001

2. Outline of Presentation  Original Intent  1 st conceptual design  Flaws in 1 st design  2 nd conceptual design  Flaws in 2 nd design  Motion of apparatus  Final design  Changes to final design  Components  Animation at 30°  Animation at 25°  Graphs of acceleration, velocity, forces, and position  Limitations  Possible Improvements

3. Original Intent of Project  Find speed of baseball after being hit by a bat.  Slow the measuring apparatus down.  Design apparatus to have relatively no vibration.

4. 1 st Design

5. Flaws in 1 st Design  The parts would have to be big to with stand speed.  The arms used to slow the mechanism down may fly apart.  The joints would not be pin joints, instead they would have to pivot.

6. 2 nd Design

7. Flaws In Second Design  The spring would have a large recoil velocity.  The recoil velocity could injure the player or break his equipment.  The parts would have to be rigid and strong for their size.

8. Motion of Apparatus  Forces applied by the putter to the ball.  Ball arm pivots on center shaft, while arrow indicates speed of initial impact.  Spring attached to ball arm counteracts the initial impact of the putter.  Ball returns to initial position.

9. Final Design

10. Changes In Final Design (Throughout Process)  Removed the spring from the shaft.  Connected arrow to the ball-arm.  Added half-sphere to the stop.

11. Components of Final Design  Base Feature  Ball-Arm  Top Retainer  Indicator Arrow  Putter  Spring (Removed from final assembly do to complications in Pro Mechanica).

12. Base Feature

13. Ball-Arm

14. Top Retainer

15. Indicator Arrow

16. Putter

17. Spring

18. Assembly  Aligned center axis of base feature with center axis of the ball-arm.  Mated the ball-arm, indicator arrow, and top retainer.

19. Initial Conditions Putter  Angle 1 = 0.5236 radians  Velocity = 0.17244 radians per second  Angle 2 = 0.4363 radians  Velocity = 0.17244 radians per second Ball arm  Angle 1 = 0 radians  Velocity = 0 radians per second  Angle 2 = 0 radians  Velocity = 0 radians per second

20. Animation at 30º (click on image)

21. Animation at 25º (click on image)

22. Results  Angular Acceleration  Angular Velocity  Joint Force  Joint Torque  Shoulder Force  Shoulder Torque  Point Acceleration  Point Position  Point Velocity

23. Angular Acceleration Angle 25° Angle 30° Angular Acceleration (radians/second 2 ) Time (seconds) Angular Acceleration (radians/second 2 ) Time (seconds)

24. Angular Velocity Angle 25° Angle 30° Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds) Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds)

25. Joint Force Angle 25° Angle 30° Force (pounds) Time (seconds) Force (pounds) Time (seconds)

26. Joint Torque Angle 25° Angle 30° Time (seconds) Torque (pound*inches)

27. Shoulder Force Angle 25° Angle 30° Force (pounds) Time (seconds) Force (pounds) Time (seconds)

28. Shoulder Torque Angle 25° Angle 30° Torque (pound*inches) Time (seconds)

29. Point Acceleration Angle 25° Angle 30° Angular Acceleration (radians/second 2 ) Time (seconds) Angular Acceleration (radians/second 2 ) Time (seconds)

30. Point Position Angle 25° Angle 30° Distance (radians) Time (seconds) Distance (radians) Time (seconds)

31. Point Velocity Angle 25° Angle 30° Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds) Angular Velocity (radians/second) Time (seconds)

32. Limitations  Scale is not calibrated.  Indicator arrow does not help golfer find velocity, distance, or force.  Linear spring may affect results.  Ball-arm hits support for scale.  Motion never stops.

33. Possible Improvements  Different source of resistance.  Move support for scale.