1. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Irish IPv6 Task Force Mobility in IPv6 (MIPv6)

2. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Irish IPv6 Task Force IPv6 Training Slide-sets 1.The Bigger Picture: Why is IPv6 so Important? 2.IPv6 Deployment & Strategy (technical) 3.Introduction to IPv6 Fundamentals (technical) 4.The Business Case for IPv6 5.Mobile IPv6 (technical) <- This slide set is fifth in a series 6.IPv6 Quality of Service (technical) 7.IPv6 Security (technical)

3. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Presentation Structure Introduction What is MIPv6 ? Components and Terminology MIPv6 Operations and Examples Applications of MIPv6 Deployment Challenges Summary

4. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Introduction

5. Introduction Mobility in the IPv6 protocol Enables a user obtain a unique identifier when roaming across multiple heterogeneous networks Make a call and handover onto a different network/access technology without dropping it

6. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ What is MIPv6 ?

7. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ What is MIPv6 ? IPv6 cannot support mobility If a node changes its link, normally its IPv6 address also changes in order to maintain connectivity. Node obtains new address (e.g. through auto configuration ) Problem: Connection is not terminated gracefully and upper layer applications that use this connection cannot be maintained MIPv6ENTER MIPv6 !

8. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ What is MIPv6 ? MIPv6 is a protocol for mobile IPv6 hosts Enables mobile nodes to roam transparently between wired, GSM/3G and wireless networks without dropping connections Maintains a single fixed point of attachment to the IPv6 network Requires additions to the IPv6 stack in the form of Mobility Extensions. All nodes are required to install these extensions in order to utilise MIPv6 operations.

9. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Components and Terminology

10. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Components and Terminology MN ( Mobile Node ) – The node that is roaming across different networks HA ( Home Agent ) – The node located on the MN’s home network that records location information and provides packet forwarding for the MN CN – ( Correspondent Node ) – A node located on the IPv6 Internet with MIPv6 enabled HoA – ( Home Address ) – The IP address of the Mobile node. This can also be a DNS hostname. This normally does not change and is the fixed location for the MN CoA – ( Care of Address ) – The Temporary address of the MN while on another network.

11. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Components and Terminology ASP ( Access Service Provider ) – The provider that enables internet access to the MN. RO ( Route Optimisation ) – A procedure where the MN can talk directly to a CN bypassing the HA. A peer to peer communications link

12. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations and Examples

13. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations (0) Mobile Node is currently at its home network. Using the IPv6 anycast mechanism it discovers its Home Agent which records its current location. For scalability and redundancy there may be multiple home agents present. However, the MN will only register against one home agent.

14. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations (1) MN moves from its home to a foreign network Using Auto configuration MN obtains a Care of Address from the Router Advertisements on the foreign network MN must now contact the HA and inform it of the new CoA it has obtained

15. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations (2) An IPsec security association and tunnel is formed between the MN and HA to pass binding information MN sends a Binding Update (BU) to the HA with its Home Address and CoA The HA will then store this in its Binding Cache (BC) and return a Binding Acknowledgement (BA) The HA now knows the current location of the MN through its BC

16. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations (3) Another node on the IPv6 Internet the CN may wish to contact the MN and exchange information The CN looks up the address of the MN and starts to initiate a connection to its home network The HA will respond on behalf the MN, currently, on a foreign network

17. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations (4) Only the HA knows the current CoA of the MN. It acts as a intermediary between the CN and MN, passing information between both nodes through an encrypted tunnel VERY COSTLY !! HA could easily become overloaded with a couple of thousand connections !!

18. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ MIPv6 Operations (5) MIPv6 avoids the problems in (4) through the procedure “Route Optimisation” (RO) The CN can talk directly with the MN on the foreign network in a peer to peer link fashion, bypassing the HA CN will “cache” the current CoA of the MN and forward packets directly to it.

19. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Applications of MIPv6

20. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Applications of MIPv6 Unique locator information across heterogeneous networks (WiFi, WiMax, LAN, GSM, 3G etc). Applications can maintain connectivity handover across multiple access technologies using a fixed identifier Seamless handover between mobile devices ( Smooth VoIP handover during a SIP call )

21. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Deployment Challenges

22. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Deployment Challenges Firewall Transversal −Some firewalls/routers may block MIPv6 packets by not recognising them −Pinholes and Ports will need to be opened to allow MIPv6 traffic to pass through firewalls. E.G. Binding Information Scalability and Redundancy for Home Agents −Multiple HAs required for scalability −HAs must scale for thousands of MN connections AAA Infrastructure requirements −MNs need to authenticate firstly against the ASP (operators) AAA server and possibly get Authorisation for mobility

23. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Deployment Challenges Security of binding information −Binding information must be secured, especially in RO to prevent poisoning of the BC. IPv6/IPv4 Interworking. −Solutions for IPv6/IPv4 interworking must be addressed All nodes must support MIPv6 for RO −All nodes must support MIPv6 to enable Route Optimisation. Bootstrapping MNs and keying against operators infrastructure −MNs must go through a bootstrap procedure for authentication and network settings requirements

24. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Summary MIPv6 allows MNs to roam across multiple networks while still maintaining fixed location information and thus connectivity Introduction to MIPv6 operations including new network components Applications of Mobile IPv6 What are the deployment challenges that face MIPv6 ?

25. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Acknowledgements This presentation includes some material from these other sources: Enable IST Project, www.ist-enable.orgwww.ist-enable.org Microsoft Research Labs http://research.microsoft.com/mobileipv6/ http://research.microsoft.com/mobileipv6/

26. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Contact Mícheál Ó Foghlú Research Director Telecommunications Software & Systems Group Waterford Institute of Technology Cork Road Waterford Ireland +353 51 302963 (w) mofoghlu@tssg.org http://www.tssg.org http://www.ofoghlu.net/loghttp://www.ofoghlu.net/log (Personal Blog)

27. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Further Information Web Sites: National Irish IPv6 Centre http://www.ipv6-ireland.orghttp://www.ipv6-ireland.org Irish IPv6 Task Force http://www.ipv6.iehttp://www.ipv6.ie IPv6 ePrints Server (Public Documents) http://www.6journal.org/http://www.6journal.org/ IPv6 Dissemination (Public Training) http://www.6diss.org/tutorials/http://www.6diss.org/tutorials/ Individual Documents/Presentations: http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/IPv6.ars/1 (Iljitsch van Beijnum, 7th March 2007)http://arstechnica.com/articles/paedia/IPv6.ars/1 http://bgp.potaroo.net/ipv4/ (Geoff Huston APNIC, 2006)http://bgp.potaroo.net/ipv4/ http://www.6journal.org/archive/00000261/02/WWC_IPv6_Forum_Roadmap__Vision_2010_v 6.pdf (IPv6 Forum Roadmap & Vision, 2006)http://www.6journal.org/archive/00000261/02/WWC_IPv6_Forum_Roadmap__Vision_2010_v 6.pdf http://colab.cim3.net/file/work/Expedition_Workshop/2005-12- 06_Advancing_Information_Sharing_And_Data_Architecture/IPV6/NIST%20ipv6-doc-eai- v4%2012062005.ppt (Doug Montgomery NIST, 2005)http://colab.cim3.net/file/work/Expedition_Workshop/2005-12- 06_Advancing_Information_Sharing_And_Data_Architecture/IPV6/NIST%20ipv6-doc-eai- v4%2012062005.ppt

28. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Further Information Individual Documents/Presentations Contd: MIPv6 Linux Software ( MIPL ) −www.mobile-ipv6.orgwww.mobile-ipv6.org MIPv6 IETF charter −http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip6-charter.htmlhttp://www.ietf.org/html.charters/mip6-charter.html

29. Irish IPv6 Task Force - http://www.ipv6.ie/ Thank you! Thank you! This presentation has been shared under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 UK: England & Wales Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk) by the Irish IPv6 Task Force (http://www.ipv6.ie) Please acknowledge this source if you use it for free or for profithttp://www.ipv6.ie