1. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Which Design Is Best?

2. 1 How is this disease distributed? Hypotheses 3 Is the association causal? 4 What should be done to prevent the disease? 5 Did the prevention strategy work? Where are we and where are we going? What’s my hypothesis? 2 Is there an association? Did the exposure and the disease turn up together? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

3. Time +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Trial E DZ - Study Design Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

4. Time +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Cohort Study E DZ - Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Study Design

5. Time +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Case-Control Study E DZ - Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Study Design

6. E DZ Time +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - Cross-Sectional Study Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Study Design

7. E DZ Trial +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++ E DZ Cohort Study +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + E DZ Case-Control Study ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ E DZ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++ Cross-Sectional Study ---- 4 Study Designs Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

8. 4 Study Designs Case-Control Study Cohort Study Cross-Sectional Study Trial Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

9. 4 Study Designs 2 nd 3 rd 4 th Weaker Stronger 1 st Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

10. 4 Study Designs 2 nd 3 rd Longest Time Shortest Time 1 st Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Which Design Is Best? 3 rd Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

11. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial 4 Study Designs 2 nd 3 rd 4 th Most Expensive Least Expensive 1 st Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

12. 4 Study Designs 2 nd 3 rd 4 th Least Accurate Most Accurate 1 st Trial Cohort Study Case-Control Study Cross-Sectional Study Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

13. 4 Study Designs 2 nd Least Similar Most Similar 1 st Trial Cohort Study Case-Control Study Cross-Sectional Study Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

14. 4 Study Designs 2 nd 3 rd 4 th Least Sound Most Sound 1 st Trial Cohort Study Case-Control Study Cross-Sectional Study Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

15. Epi Team Challenge Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

16. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Epi Team Challenge Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

17. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Cross- Sectional Cohort Case- Control Controlled Trial Epi Team Challenge Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

18. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Which study design is the fastest? Epi Team Challenge Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

19. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Which study designs are the most time consuming? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

20. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Most Scientifically Sound Which study design is the most scientifically sound? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

21. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Most Scientifically Sound Can Study Rare Diseases Which study design is best for studying rare diseases? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

22. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Most Scientifically Sound Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Which study designs do not identify the time order of exposure and disease? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

23. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Which study design gives the least confidence in findings? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

24. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Which study design provides the best measure of exposure? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

25. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Most Accurate Observational Study Which study design is the most accurate observational study? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

26. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Most Accurate Observational Study Which study design is the least expensive? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

27. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Unethical for Harmful Exposures Most Accurate Observational Study Which study design would be unethical for harmful exposures? Time Consuming Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

28. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Good Measure of Exposure Which study design provides a good measure of exposure? Most Accurate Observational Study Time Consuming Unethical for Harmful exposures Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

29. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Most Expensive Most Accurate Observational Study Which study designs are the most expensive? Good Measure of Exposure Time Consuming Unethical for Harmful exposures Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

30. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Relatively Less Expensive and Relatively Fast Most Accurate Observational Study Which study design is relatively less expensive and relatively fast? Time Consuming Unethical for Harmful exposures Most Expensive Good Measure of Exposure Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

31. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Least Confidence in Findings Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Possible Time-Order Confusion Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Relatively Less Expensive and Relatively Fast Possible Error in Recalling Past Exposures Most Accurate Observational Study Which study design creates the possibility of error in recalling past exposures? Time Consuming Unethical for Harmful exposures Most Expensive Good Measure of Exposure Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best? Epi Team Challenge

32. Cross-Sectional Study Case-Control Study Cohort Study Trial Main WeaknessesMain StrengthsStudy Designs 1 5 6 2 3 7 8 4 Fastest Time Consuming Most Scientifically Sound Best Measure of Exposure Can Study Rare Diseases Least Expensive Relatively Less Expensive and Relatively Fast Possible Error in Recalling Exposures Most Accurate Observational Study Which Design Is Best? Time Consuming Unethical for Harmful exposures Most Expensive Possible Time-Order Confusion Least Confidence in Findings Good Measure of Exposure It depends …. Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

33. It depends on …. Regulations Time urgency How much is known about the association Money Whether the exposure is believed to be beneficial Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

34. An Example Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

35. 4 Study Designs Case-Control Study Cohort Study Cross-Sectional Study Trial Which Design Is Best? What is your personal favorite? Why? - Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?

36. Investigation 2-8 has ended. Which Design Is Best? Detectives in the Classroom - Investigation 2-8: Which Design Is Best?