1. CLASSES OF FIRE Class “A” – combustible materials
Characteristics – deep seated, leave ash and embers.
Extinguishing method – cooling
Class “B” – flammable liquid, gases, greases and similar products.
Characteristic – surface burning.
Extinguishing method – cut off oxygen supply or prevent flammable vapor from being given off.
Class “C” – electrical fires
Characteristic – electrical shock
Extinguishing method – use non-conducting extinguishing agent.
Class “D” – combustible metal fires

2. Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different types of fires. The three most common types of fire extinguishers are:
Air pressurized water extinguishers
Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
Dry Chemical Extinguishers

3. Air-pressurized water extinguishers

4. Air-pressurized water extinguishers
Water is one of the most commonly used extinguishing agents for type A fires. They are filled about two-thirds of the way with ordinary water, then pressurized with air. In some cases, detergents are added to the water to produce a foam. They stand about two to three feet tall and weigh approximately 25 pounds when full.
APWs extinguish fire by cooling the surface of the fuel to remove the "heat" element of the fire triangle.
APWs are designed for Class A (wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and certain plastics) fires only.

5. Air-pressurized water extinguishers
Never use water to extinguish flammable liquid fires. Water is extremely ineffective at extinguishing this type of fire and may make matters worse by the spreading fire.
Never use water to extinguish an electrical fire. Water is a good conductor and may lead to electrocution if used to extinguish an electrical fire. Electrical equipment must be unplugged and/or de-energized before using a water extinguisher on an electrical fire.

6. Carbon Dioxide extinguishers

7. Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
This type of extinguisher is filled with Carbon Dioxide (CO2), a non- flammable gas under extreme pressure. These extinguishers put out fires by displacing oxygen, or taking away the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Because of its high pressure, when you use this extinguisher pieces of dry ice shoot from the horn, which also has a cooling effect on the fire. You can recognize this type of extinguisher by its hard horn and absent pressure gauge.
CO2 cylinders are red and range in size from five to 100 pounds or larger.
CO2 extinguishers are designed for Class B and C (flammable liquid and electrical) fires only.

8. Carbon Dioxide extinguishers
CO2 is not recommended for Class A fires because they may continue to smolder and re-ignite after the CO2 dissipates.
Never use CO2 extinguishers in a confined space while people are present without proper respiratory protection.

9. Dry Chemical extinguishersOR

10. Dry Chemical extinguishers
Dry chemical extinguishers put out fires by coating the fuel with a thin layer of fire retardant powder, separating the fuel from the oxygen. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction, which makes these extinguishers extremely effective.
Dry chemical extinguishers are usually rated for class B and C fires and may be marked multiple purpose for use in A, B, and C fires. They contain an extinguishing agent and use a compressed, non-flammable gas as a propellant.
Dry Chemical extinguishers will have a label indicating they may be used on class A, B, and/or C fires. OR

11. HCFC extinguishers Ideal for all classes of fire (A,B,C)
             
Non-expirable. No need for yearly refill.
Non-corrosive.
Non-residual. Not messy to use.
Multi-shot. Can be used for several times.
Stop combustion chemically and directly without powder, foam or water.

12. How Fire Extinguishers Work?
Portable fire extinguishers apply an extinguishing agent that will either cool burning fuel, displace or remove oxygen, or stop the chemical reaction so a fire cannot continue to burn. When the handle of an extinguisher is compressed, it opens an inner canister of high-pressure gas that forces the extinguishing agent from the main cylinder through a siphon tube and out the nozzle.

13. Care and Maintenance of Your Extinguisher
At least once a month you should inspect your extinguisher. Ensure that:
The extinguisher is not blocked by objects that could interfere with access in an emergency.
The labels are readable.
The pressure is at the recommended level.
The nozzle or other parts are not obstructed.
The pin and tamper seal (if it has one) are intact.
There are no dents, leaks, rust, chemical deposits and other signs of abuse/wear.
Some manufacturers recommend shaking your dry chemical extinguishers to prevent the powder from settling/packing.
Fire extinguishers should be pressure tested (a process called hydrostatic testing) after a number of years to ensure that the cylinder is safe to use.
If the extinguisher is damaged or needs recharging, get it replaced immediately! Recharge all extinguishers immediately after use regardless of how much they were used.

14. Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Pull…
Aim…
Squeeze…
Sweep…

15. Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Pull…
…Pull the pin. This will also break the tamper seal.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire…EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!

16. Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Aim…
…Aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle (or its horn or hoses) at the base of the fire.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire…EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!

17. Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Squeeze…
…Squeeze the handle so that it will release the extinguishing agent.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire…EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!

18. Following the P.A.S.S Technique
Sweep…
…Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until the extinguisher is completely empty assuring that the fire is out.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire…EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!

19. Fire extinguishers can represent an important segment of any overall fire protection program. However, their successful functioning depends upon the following conditions having been met:
(a) The fire extinguisher is properly located and in working order.
(b) The fire extinguisher is of the proper type for a fire that can occur.
(c) The fire is discovered while still small enough for the fire extinguisher to be effective.
(d) The fire is discovered by a person ready, willing, and able to use the fire extinguisher.

20. In The Event of Fire F
ind I
nform R
eact E
xtinguish