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Respondent Conditioning Week 7
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Respondent Conditioning Do not say Classical Conditioning - Eliciting not evoking behavior - Automatic Physiological responses not controlled free willed or operant responses
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General Pavlov: Russian Physiologist US UR US + CS CR CS CR
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Examples Example 1: Salivating Dogs and Bells Example 2: Little Albert & White Rats Example 3: Chemo Therapy & Favorite foods Example 4: Mammalary Effusion: Leaking Breasts Example 5: Phobias Example 6: Bedwetting Example 7: Aversion Therapy
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Factors That influence Respondent Conditioning Number of pairings inter-stimulus interval:.5 sec Continuous Pairing > Intermittent Pairing Intense Stimuli (CS US)
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Respondent Extinction Stop pairing the CS with the UCS Q. How is this different than escape extinction?
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Compound Stimulus Two stimuli together is your CS Generalized Conditioning – Second order conditioning, third order and so on – Generally it gets weaker and easier to extinguish √ Difficult due to respondent extinction
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Drug Overdoses Generally due to taking too much poison. Novel environments play major role – Drugs not only produce a high, but also counter effects to reduce the high. – The drug, Room, Needle Prick – Thought? Coke Classic vs. Caffeine Free Coke
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Operant-Respondent Interactions Emotions: Rewards and Punishers are associated with internal events Thinking: Words are associated with senses
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Systematic Self-Desenstization Construct a Fear Hierarchy (0-100; least to most fearful) - SUD : Subjective Unit of Discomfort Deep Muscle Relaxation: Implement Program
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Flooding Putting person in fearful situation with positive outcome. Not allowing the CS to be paired with UCS Not recommended
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Punishment: Part 1 Week 7: Decreasing Behavior
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General Definitional Components Immediate (Application or removal of stimulus) Contingent – must follow behavior Decreases behavior S Dp
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Type I Punishment: Stimulus Presentation (Positive Punishment) 1. Reprimand 2.Spanking 3.Response Blocking?? 4.Contingent Exercise 5.Overcorrection: Restitution & Positive Practice 6.Electric Stimulation Remember: If it does not decrease behavior it is not punishment.
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Example: Type I Punishment Before Behavior After No aversiveYou engage inAversive condition Conditiontarget behavior presented.
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Example: Type I Punishment Before Behavior After No burn on handYou touch hot stove Burn on hand
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Your Turn Come up with an example of how your behavior has been punished (application style) and share with your peers.
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BEHAVIORAL CONTINGENCY TABLE (DRAFT 2) Change in BehaviorPresent StimulusRemove Stimulus Behavior Increases Positive Reinforcement(S +R ) Negative Reinforcement (S -R ) (Escape/Avoidance) Behavior Decreases Type I Punishment (S +P ) (Aversive Stimulus) ?
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Type II Punishment: Stimulus Removal (Negative Punishment - Penalty) 1. Response Cost: Bonus, Use with R+ 2.Time-Out: Planned Ignoring, Time-Out Ribbon (Talk about restitution and positive practice with time out) Remember: It must decrease behavior or it is not punishment!
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Example: Type II punishment (Penalty) Before Behavior After You have You do something You loose Something something
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Example: Type II Punishment (Penalty) Before Behavior After You have $100 You get caught speedingyou have no $100
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Your Turn Come up with an example of how your behavior has been punished (Penalty style) and share with your peers.
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BEHAVIORAL CONTINGENCY TABLE (DRAFT 3) Change in BehaviorPresent StimulusRemove Stimulus Behavior Increases Positive Reinforcement (S +R ) Negative Reinforcement(S -R ) (Escape/Avoidance) Behavior Decreases Type I Punishment (S +P ) (Aversive Stimulus) Type II Punishment (S -P ) (Penalty)
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Major Pitfall Sick Social Cycle (Victim’s punishment Model) Before Behavior After Teacher Ask Student Student Cusses Needs a reader Student Student Asked No B%*$CH!Doesn’t to Read aloud Red aloud
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Unconditioned & Conditioned Punishers Unconditioned: Any unlearned stimulus that decreases behavior – Pain, odor, taste, physical restraint, extreme muscular effort, light, sound, temprature Conditioned: Any learned stimulus that decreases behavior
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Factors that Influence Punishment Effectiveness Immediacy Itnesity/Magnitude Punishment Schedule Reinforcement Schedule DRA
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Possible Side Effects Emotional & Aggressive Reactions Escape and Avoidance Behavioral Contrast Undesirable Modeling Negative Reinforcement of the Punishing Agent’s Behavior
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Guidelines For implementing Punishment Target Behavior must be operationally defined Choose an alternate response to reinforce Minimize the causes of the undesirable response Use an effective punisher: not paired with R+ and is available Apply: Consistently and Immediately Keep records and have someone else help you monitor! State the Rules to the individual
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When should punishment be used? The person’s behavior should be a danger to himself or others. Use only after trying reinforcing procedures Social Validity/Informed Consent Reliability of Measurement: Helper/supervisor Do not use punishment as a means to show superiority
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