1. A Day-9/17 B Day-9/18 Objective Agenda
TLW analyze examples of how art, architecture, literature, music, and drama reflect the history of the cultures in which they are produced
Rome: Romulus and Remus
Identify the characteristics of the following political systems: theocracy, absolute monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, limited monarchy, and totalitarianism
Agenda
Introduction to the Roman Empire
Roman Numeral Activity
Rome: Engineering an Empire

2. The Myth of Rome’s Founding: Romulus and Remus

4. Discussion Topic:
Do you think Faustulus was justified taking the twins from the wolf? Why or why not?
Romulus and Remus took stolen goods and returned them to their rightful owners. What story has a similar plot during a later historical time period?
Do you feel Romulus should have become a god? Why or why not?
Almost all cultures have stories that explain their beginnings. Why do you think Romans used Romulus and Remus for that purpose?

5. Courage, loyalty, and devotion to duty were the pillars on which Romans would build an empire

6. Geography of Italy Peninsula that juts out into the Mediterranean Sea
Looks like a boot
Italy’s central location helped the Romans expand their power
The lack of major geographic barriers helped Rome unify Italy
Unlike Greece
remember that Greece’s mountains caused city-states
Rome

7. People of Italy Latins Etruscan (Greek city-state) North of Rome
Roman ancestors that migrated into Italy by about 800 B.C.
Settled amongst the seven hills along the Tiber River
This settlement would grow into Rome
Etruscan (Greek city-state)
North of Rome
Ruled much of central Italy, including Rome itself
Romans adopted their alphabet, architecture, and religion
Conquered by the Romans in 509 B.C.

8. The Roman Republic The Government Takes Shape
Romans set up a new government that they called a Republic
Romans believed that the Republic would keep any individual from gaining too much power
Senate
Held most of the governing power
300 members called patricians (members of the landholding upper class)
Served for life and made the laws
Each year the senators elected two consuls from the patrician
Consuls job was to supervise the business of government and command the armies
Consuls could only serve one term (system to check on the power of government)

9. The Roman Republic The Government Takes Shape (Continued)
During time of war, the senate might choose a dictator
Granted power to rule for six months
Romans admired Cincinnatus as a model dictator

10. The Roman Republic Plebeians Demand Equality
Plebeians are farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up a bulk of the population, but had little influence on the government
Their first breakthrough came when they had the government inscribe the laws of Rome on 12 tablets and set it in the Forum, or marketplace for all to see
In time, Plebeians gained the right to elect their own officials, called tribunes, to protect their interest, and the tribunes could veto laws that they felt were harmful to Plebeians
Eventually, Plebeians were able to serve on the Senate
Framers of the United States Constitution would adapt such Roman ideas as the senate, the veto, and checks

11. Changing Role of Women
Over the centuries, women, especially patricians, gained more freedom and influence.

12. Education and Religion
Boys and girls were taught to read and write, including those in lower classes.
The wealthy hired private tutors in the late republic.
Religion
Gods adapted from Greeks and Etruscans
Jupiter- ruled over the sky and other gods.
Held many religious festivals and worshiped in many temples.

13. Expansion in Italy
By 270 B.C., the Roman armies conquered most of the Italian peninsula
Success=diplomacy & loyal, well trained army
Conquered Lands: generally treated with justice.
Conquered peoples had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the Roman army
Most remained loyal because Rome allowed them to keep their own customs, money, and local governments
Roman Legion (5,000)

14. Roman Numerals V = 5 quinque X = 10 decem L = 50 quinquaginta
I = unus
V = quinque
X = decem
L = quinquaginta
C = centum
D = quingenti
M = mille

15. Roman Numerals
Here are four basic principles for reading and writing Roman numerals:
A letter repeats its value that many times
(XXX = 30, CC = 200, etc.). A letter can only be repeated three times.
If one or more letters are placed after another letter of greater value, add that amount.
VI = 6 (5 + 1 = 6)
LXX = 70 ( = 70)
MCC = 1200 ( = 1200)

16. Roman Numerals
If a letter is placed before another letter of greater value, subtract that amount.
IV = 4 (5 – 1 = 4)
XC = 90 (100 – 10 = 90)
CM = 900 (1000 – 100 = 900)
Several rules apply for subtracting amounts from Roman numerals:
a. Only subtract powers of ten (I, X, or C, but not V or L)
For 95, do NOT write VC (100 – 5). DO write XCV (XC + V or ).
b. Only subtract one number from another.
For 13, do NOT write IIXV (15 – 1 – 1). DO write XIII (X + I + I + I or ).

17. Roman Numerals
c. Do not subtract a number from one that is more than 10 times greater. (That is, you can subtract 1 from 10 [IX] but not 1 from 20 – there is no such number as IXX.)
For 99, do NOT write IC (C – I or 100 – 1). DO write XCIX (XC + IX or ).
A bar placed on top of a letter or string of letters increases the numeral's value by 1,000 times.
XV = 15, XV= 15,000